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Synonyms: Stylobasiaceae J. Agardh
Common name: Suriana Family.
Number of genera 5. Number of species 5.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule an intact or entire fruit.
Fruits
Fruit pericarpium; simple; drupe (Spjut - though described as baccate, drupaceous, or nutlike by others); without persistent central column; within accessory organ(s), or not within accessory organ(s); within calyx; 1-seeded, or more than 1 but less than 10-seeded; 1–5-seeded; less than 1 cm long; 0.4–0.6 cm long; Stylobasium 1–5-carpellate (Guilfoylia 2, Cadellia & Suriana 5); with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; with carpels not radiating at maturity; with carpels remaining connected at style; without sterile carpels; not sulcate; in transection terete; apex not beaked; indehiscent. Epicarp brown (all shades); durable; not glabrous (with hairs), or glabrous (without hairs); hairs dense; hairs not glandular; without armature; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp present. Endocarp present, or absent; not separating from exocarp; hard; stone unilocular; without wing; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without mechanism for seedling escape; without grooves; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute; 1 to less than 5 mm long; 2 mm long; circular, or ovate; in transection terete; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves, or without apparent food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without markedly different marginal tissue; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; tight; dull, or shiny; surface smooth, or unsmooth; surface with discreet raised features, or merged raised features; surface tuberculate; surface reticulate, or wrinkled; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; with notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approaching each other, or without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous; without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; yellow, or cream; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding embryo. Endosperm development nuclear; scant; with starch, or without starch; with oils; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; completely filling testa (no food reserve), or nearly filling testa (trace or scanty food reserve); 0.9–1 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; axile and centric; foliate, or conical (Suriana); with investing cotyledons, or spatulate cotyledons; straight, or flatly coiled (circinate) (Suriana), or annular; 100% annular; parallel to seed length; surrounding endosperm (Suriana); with cotyledons abruptly connected to hypocotyl-radicle, or gradually connected to hypocotyl-radicle; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; with cotyledons containing oils and starch; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; well developed; 0.9 times length of embryo; somewhat to significantly wider than hypocotyl-radicle, or as wide as hypocotyl-radicle; 1–10 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle; not concealing hypocotyl-radicle, or entirely concealing hypocotyl-radicle; foliaceous, or not foliaceous; thick, or thin (Cadellia); flat, or once-folded, or convoluted; smooth; with apices entire; with margins separate; basally cordate; equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle moderately developed to small; straight, or curved; not thickened.
Distribution
Old World and New World. Middle America, South America, Africa, southeastern Asia, Australia, Oceania.
Notes
Goldberg did not cover this family.
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
No ASOA or ISTA listed seeds.
Accepted genera
Cadellia F. Muell. -- Guilfoylia F. Muell. -- Recchia Sessé & Moc. ex DC. -- Stylobasium Desf. -- Suriana L.
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 583. Correll, D.S. & H.B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. J. Cramer, Vaduz; Harden, G.J., ed. 1991. Flora of New South Wales, vol. 2. New South Wales University Press, Kensington; Juarez S., C. 1988. Surianaceae. Flora de Veracruz, fasc. 58, pp. 1–5.
General references
Baillon, H.E. 1866–95. Histoire des plantes, 13 vols. Hachette and Co., Paris, Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, LeMaout, E. and J. Decaisne. 1876. A general system of botany, 1,065 p. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182.
Illustrations
Acceptable fruit and seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Sierra (1988), Correll & Correll (1982), Harden (1991), Baillon. Seed illustration(s): Sierra (1988), Karen. Embryo illustration(s): Baillon, LeMaout & Decaisne, Karen. Karen's plate number and taxon (taxa): 178: Cadellia pentastylis F. Muell. (A-B), Guilfoylia monostylis (Bentham) F. Muell. (C-D), Suriana maritima L. (E-F).
• Fruit. 1 of 7. Guilfoylia monostylis (Benth) F. Muell.: fruit. • Seed. 2 of 7. Guilfoylia monostylis (Benth) F. Muell.: seed. • Fruit. 3 of 7. Suriana maritima L.: fruit. • Seed. 4 of 7. Suriana maritima L.: seeds. • Embryo. 5 of 7. Cadellia pentastylis M. Muell.: embryo. • Embryo. 6 of 7. Guilfoylia monostylis (Benth) F. Muell.: embryo. • Embryo. 7 of 7. Suriana maritima L.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
