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Common name: Stemonura Family.
Number of genera 12. Number of species 62.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule an intact or entire fruit.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels united. Fruit pericarpium; simple; drupe (not Spjut); without persistent central column; crowned by stigma; without style or stylar remnants, or with styles(s); at apex; not within accessory organ(s); 1-seeded; 1-seeded; less than 1 cm long to from 5.1–10 cm long; 0.6–5.5 cm long; without sterile carpels; with fleshy lateral appendage, or without fleshy lateral appendage; not sulcate; in transection terete, or compressed; apex beaked, or not beaked; apex moderately beaked; indehiscent. Epicarp green, or pink, or purple, or red, or white, or yellow; shiny, or dull; durable; without armature; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Endocarp present; separating spontaneously from exocarp, or not separating from exocarp; coriaceous, or crustaceous, or fibrous, or thin, or hard, or woody; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; stone unilocular; not smooth; with longitudinally ridges, or fibers, or ribs; without wing; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without pellicle layer; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous; without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; brown (all shades); thin; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding endosperm. Endosperm development nuclear; copious; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; partially filling testa (with food reserve); 0.1 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; axile and centric; straight; parallel to seed length; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; equal in size; not punctate dotted.
Distribution
New World, Old World. Middle America, South America, southeastern Asia, Oceania.
Notes
Spjut's scoring of glans for Hartleya (in Icacinaceae) is rejected based on fruit illustration.
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
No ASOA or ISTA listed seeds.
Accepted genera
Cantleya Ridl. -- Codiocarpus R. A. Howard -- Discophora Miers -- Gastrolepis Tiegh. -- Gomphandra Wall. ex Lindl. -- Grisollea Baill. -- Hartleya Sleumer -- Irvingbaileya R. A. Howard -- Lasianthera P. Beauv. -- Medusanthera Seem. -- Stemonurus Blume -- Whitmorea Sleumer
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 721 (from Icacinaceae). Kårehed, J. 2001. Multiple origin of the tropical forest tree family Icacinaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 88:2259–2274; Villiers, J.-F. 1973. Icacinacées. In: A. Aubréville & J.-F. Leroy, eds., Flore du Cameroun, vol. 15, pp. 3–100; Guymer, G.P. 1984. Icacinaceae. In: A.S. George, ed., Flora of Australia, vol. 22, pp. 204–211. Australia Government Publishing Service, Canberra; Sleumer, H. 1972. Icacinaceae. In: C.G.G.J. van Steenis, ed., Flora malesiana, vol. 7, pp. 1–87. Noordhoff International Publishing, Leiden.
General references
Aubréville, A. and J.-F. Leroy. 1982. Flore de la Nouvelle Calédonie et Dépendances. National d'Historie Naturelle, Paris, Flora of Australia (various years and volumes). Australian Government Publication, Canberra, Steenis, C.G.G.J. van, ed. 1950 onwards. Flora Malesiana, ser. 1. Spermatophyta. Noordhoff-Kolff, Djakarta.
Illustrations
Acceptable fruit and poor seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit.
• Fruit. 1 of 6. Cantleya corniculata (Becc.) Howard: fruit. • Fruit. 2 of 6. Cantleya corniculata (Becc.) Howard: fruit with exocarp removed. • Seed. 3 of 6. Cantleya corniculata (Becc.) Howard: seed. • Fruit. 4 of 6. Stemonurus sp.: fruit. • Seed. 5 of 6. Stemonurus sp.: seed. • Embryo. 6 of 6. Stemonurus sp.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
