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Common name: Quiina Family.
Number of genera 4. Number of species 44.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule a dehisced fruit, or a seed.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels united. Fruit pericarpium; simple, or multiple; nuculanium (Quiina, Touroulia); coccetum (Spjut 4 families: Dilleniaceae, Magnoliaceae, Quiinaceae (Froesia see drawing in Steyermark & Bunting (1975), Rosaceae); without persistent central column; 1-seeded to more than 1 but less than 10-seeded; 1–4-seeded; from 1–5 cm long; 3 cm long; 2–13-carpellate (-14 according to Goldberg); with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; with carpels not radiating at maturity; without sterile carpels; not sulcate; in transection terete; apex not beaked; dehiscent (at full maturity). Dehiscent unit seed(s). Dehiscent passively (assumed); without replum. Epicarp durable; glabrous (without hairs); without armature; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp present. Endocarp present; not separating from exocarp; thin, or hard; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute; 10 to less than 25 mm long; 13–20 mm long; elliptic, or oblong, or ovate; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity without food reserves; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without markedly different marginal tissue; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; loose; shiny; surface unsmooth; surface with merged raised features; surface wrinkled; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; pubescent, or glabrous (Froesia); with hairs over surface; with short hairs (assumed); densely hairy; with straight hairs (velutinous); velutinous; without glandular pubescence; without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; brown (all shades) to black; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding embryo.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; completely filling testa (no food reserve); 1 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; foliate, or linear; with spatulate cotyledons; straight; parallel to seed length; with cotyledons abruptly connected to hypocotyl-radicle, or gradually connected to hypocotyl-radicle; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; well developed; 0.9 times length of embryo; somewhat to significantly wider than hypocotyl-radicle; 1.25 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle (or more); not concealing hypocotyl-radicle; thin, or thick; flat; smooth; with apices entire; with margins separate; basally entire; equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle small, or moderately developed; straight, or folded; not thickened.
Distribution
New World. Middle America, South America.
Notes
Spjut did not cover fruit of Lacunaria. Steyermark & Bunting (1975): Fruit valves reflexed at maturity.
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
No ASOA or ISTA listed seeds.
Accepted genera
Froesia Pires -- Lacunaria Ducke -- Quiina Aubl. -- Touroulia Aubl.
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 333. Steyermark, J.A. & G.S. Bunting. 1975. Revision of the genus Froesia (Quiinaceae). Brittonia 27:172–178.
General references
Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Gaertner, J. 1788–1805. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. The Author, Stuttgart, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Roosmalen, M.G.M. van. 1985. Fruits of the Guianan flora, 483 pp. Institute of Systematic Botany, Wageningen Agricultural University. Drukkerij Veenman B.V., Wageningen, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182.
Illustrations
Acceptable fruit and seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Roosmalen, Steyermark & Bunting (1975). Seed illustration(s): Karen, Steyermark & Bunting (1975). Embryo illustration(s): Karen. Karen's plate number and taxon (taxa): 093: Froesia tricarpa Pires (A-B), Lacunaria jenmani Ducke (C-D), Quiina florida Tul. (E-F), Touroulia guianensis Aubl. (G-H).
• Fruit. 1 of 6. Quiina florida Tul.: fruit. • Seed. 2 of 6. Quiina florida Tul.: seed. • Embryo. 3 of 6. Froesia tricarpa Pires: embryo. • Embryo. 4 of 6. Lacunaria jenmani (Oliv.) Ducke: embryo. • Embryo. 5 of 6. Quiina florida Tul.: embryo. • Embryo. 6 of 6. Touroulia guianensis Aubl.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
