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Synonyms: Aeginetiaceae Livera; Phelypaeaceae Horan.
Common name: Broom-rape Family.
Number of genera 15. Number of species 230.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule a dehisced fruit, or a seed.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels united. Fruit pericarpium; simple; capsule; loculicidal capsule; capsule not inflated; capsule without operculum; without persistent central column; not within accessory organ(s); many-seeded; many; 2(–3)-carpellate; with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; with carpels not radiating at maturity; with carpels remaining connected at style; without sterile carpels; not sulcate; in transection terete; apex not beaked; dehiscent (regularly or irregularly). Dehiscent unit seed(s). Dehiscent passively (assumed); at middle, or apex; and shedding seeds; without replum. Epicarp brown (all shades); dull; durable; glabrous (without hairs); without armature; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp absent. Endocarp present; not separating from exocarp; thin; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; smooth; without wing; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without mechanism for seedling escape; without grooves; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed minute; ovate, or elliptic, or triangular, or square (or rhomboidal); not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without markedly different marginal tissue; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; surface unsmooth, or smooth; surface with depressed features, or discreet raised features, or merged raised features; surface punctate; surface tuberculate, or granular; surface reticulate, or sculptured, or striate (long); without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous; without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; blue, or black; thick; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding food reserve. Hilum punctate. Endosperm development cellular; copious; fleshy; transparent; smooth; without starch, or with starch (Cistanche); with oils; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; partially filling testa (with food reserve); 0.1 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; axile and centric; miniature; dwarf (globular); straight; parallel to seed length; embedded in endosperm; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; acotyledonous. Hypocotyl-radicle undeveloped.
Distribution
Pantemperate, pansubtropical. New World, Old World. North America, Middle America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia Major, Asia Minor, Australia.
Weed information
1 or more USA Federal noxious weeds, 1 or more USA state noxious weeds.
USA Federal noxious weeds: -- Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: MA●, NC●. -- Aeginetia indica L.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: MA●, NC●. -- Aeginetia mirabilis (Blume) Bakh.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●. -- Aeginetia pedunculata Wall.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●. -- Aeginetia saccharicola Bakh.: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●. -- Aeginetia sessilis Shivam. & Tajanna: USA Federal Noxious Weed●. -- Aeginetia sinensis Beck: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: MA●, NC●. -- Aeginetia spp.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: FL●, MA●, NC●. -- Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●. -- Orobanche amethystea Thuill.: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●. -- Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm.: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●. -- Orobanche cernua Loefl.: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●. -- Orobanche coerulescens Stephan ex Willd.: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●. -- Orobanche crenata Forssk.: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●.-- Orobanche flava Mart. ex F. W. Schultz: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: NC●. -- Orobanche hederae Duby: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●. -- Orobanche lavandulacea Rchb.: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●. -- Orobanche lucorum A. Braun ex F. W. Schultz: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: NC●. -- Orobanche minor Sm.: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●; USA state noxious weed: OR●. -- Orobanche pycnostachya Hance: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●.-- Orobanche ramosa L.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: AZ●, CA●, NC●, TX●. -- Orobanche ramosa subsp. mutelii (F. W. Schultz) Cout.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●. -- Orobanche salviae F. W. Schultz: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: NC●. -- Orobanche spp.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: FL●, MA●, NC●, PR●. -- Orobanche variegata Wallr.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●. -- Symbols: ªaquatic weed; ●terrestrial weed; °weed in seed. -- Last updated September 2008.
USA states and territories with listed noxious weeds: Arizona (AZ), California (CA), Florida (FL), Massachusetts (MA), North Carolina (NC), Oregon (OR), Puerto Rico (PR), Texas (TX).
USA state and territory noxious weeds: -- Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: MA●, NC●. -- Aeginetia indica L.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: MA●, NC●. -- Aeginetia sinensis Beck: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: MA●, NC●. -- Aeginetia spp.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: FL●, MA●, NC●. -- Orobanche cooperi (A. Gray) A. Heller: USA state noxious weed: CA●. -- Orobanche flava Mart. ex F. W. Schultz: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: NC●. -- Orobanche lucorum A. Braun ex F. W. Schultz: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: NC●. -- Orobanche minor Sm.: USA Federal Noxiouis Weed●; USA state noxious weed: OR●. -- Orobanche ramosa L.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: AZ●, CA●, NC●, TX●. -- Orobanche salviae F. W. Schultz: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: NC●. -- Orobanche spp.: USA Federal Noxious Weed●; USA state noxious weed: FL●, MA●, NC●, PR●. -- Symbols: ªaquatic weed; ●terrestrial weed; °weed in seed. -- Last updated September 2008.
Listed seeds
ASOA listed seeds, ISTA listed seeds.
ASOA listed seeds: -- Aeginetia L. spp. -- Orobanche cooperi (A. Gray) A. Heller -- Orobanche ludoviciana var. cooperi (A. Gray) Beck = Orobanche cooperi (A. Gray) A. Heller -- Orobanche ramosa L. -- Orobanche L. spp. -- Orthocarpus bracteosus Benth. -- Orthocarpus Nutt. spp. -- Last updated September 2008.
ISTA listed seeds: -- Orobanche crenata Forssk. w -- Orobanche lavandulacea Rchb. w -- Orobanche minor Sm.w -- Orobanche mutelii F. W. Schultz -- Orobanche ramosa L.w -- Orobanche ramosa subsp. mutelii (F. W. Schultz) Cout. = Orobanche mutelii F. W. Schultzw -- Orobanche variegata Wallr.w -- Symbols: aagricultural and vegetable seeds (Table 2A Part 1); ttree and shrub species (Table 2A Part 2); fflower, spice, herb, and medicinal seeds (Table 2A Part 3); wweed seeds. -- Last updated September 2008.
Accepted genera
Aeginetia L. -- Boschniakia C. A. Mey. ex Bong. -- Christisonia Gardner -- Cistanche Hoffmanns. & Link -- Conopholis Wallr. -- Epifagus Nutt., nom. cons. -- Gleadovia Gamble & Prain -- Kopsiopsis (Beck) Beck -- Mannagettaea Harry Sm. -- Necranthus Gilli -- Orobanche L. -- Phacellanthus Siebold & Zucc. -- Phelypaea L. -- Platypholis Maxim. -- Xylanche Beck
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 957. Thieret, J.W. 1971. The genera of Orobanchaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 52:404–434.
General references
Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of Dicots, esp. vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, New York, Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Gaertner, J. 1788–1805. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. The Author, Stuttgart, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R. and C.A. Ritchie. 1988. Identification of disseminules listed in the Federal Noxious Weed Act. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1719:1–313, Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, LeMaout, E. and J. Decaisne. 1876. A general system of botany, 1,065 p. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Martin, A.C. 1946. The comparative internal morphology of seeds. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 36:513–660, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182, Wood, C.E., Jr. 1974. A student's atlas of flowering plants: Some dicotyledons of eastern North America, 120 pp. Harper and Row, New York.
Illustrations
Acceptable fruit and seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): LeMaout & Decaisne, Thieret (1971), Wood, Jr. Seed illustration(s): LeMaout & Decaisne, Thieret (1971), Wood, Jr., Gunn & Ritchie. Embryo illustration(s): Gunn & Ritchie, Karen, Martin. Karen's plate number and taxon (taxa): 298: [No SEM's of any seed]: Aeginetia indica L. (A-C), Boschniakia strobilacea A. Gray (D-F), Christisonia neitgherrica Gardn. (G-I), Cistanche tubulosa Wight (2: A-C), Conopholis americana Wallr. (D-F), Epifagus virginianus Barl. (2: G-I), Gleadovia ruborum Gamble & Prain (2: J-L), Mannagettaea ircutensis Popov. (M-O), Diphelypaea sp. (P-R), Xylanche himalaica G. Beck (S-U).
• Fruit. 1 of 14. Christisonia thwaitesii Trimen: fruit. • Seed. 2 of 14. Christisonia thwaitesii Trimen: seeds. • Seed. 3 of 14. Orobanche hederae Duby: seeds. • Seed. 4 of 14. Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.: seeds. • Seed. 5 of 14. Orobanche cernua Loefl.: seeds. • Seed. 6 of 14. Orobanche minor Sm.: seeds. • Embryo. 7 of 14. Aeginetia indica L.: embryo. • Embryo. 8 of 14. Boschniakia strobilacea A. Gray: embryo. • Embryo. 9 of 14. Christisonia thwaitesii Trimen: embryo. • Embryo. 10 of 14. Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) Hook. F.: embryo. • Embryo. 11 of 14. Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr.: embryo. • Embryo. 12 of 14. Epifagus virginiana (L.) W. Bart.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
