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Synonyms: Diegodendraceae Capuron; Euthemidaceae Tiegh., nom. inval.; Lophiraceae Loudon; Luxemburgiaceae Soler.; Sauvagesiaceae Dumort.; Strasburgeriaceae Tiegh., nom. cons.; Wallaceaceae Tiegh. ex Soler., nom. inval.
Common name: Ochna Family.
Number of genera 33. Number of species 460.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule a dehisced fruit, or an intact or entire fruit, or a seed.
Fruits
Pistil(s) simple, or compound; 1 to 11–20; 1–15-pistillate; with carpels nearly separate to base, or carpels united. Fruit anthocarp, or pericarpium; simple, or schizocarp; berry, or capsule, or drupe (all not Spjut); druparium (Brackenridgea); Cespedesia ceratium capsule, or fissuricidal capsule (Schuurmansia), or septicidal capsule; capsule not inflated; capsule without operculum; simple, or schizocarp; pseudosamara (Lophira); Spjut Fig. 32E & only cited family glandarium, or polachenarium (Rhytidanthera); with persistent central column, or without persistent central column; valves not diverging at top of central column; not within accessory organ(s), or within accessory organ(s); within bracteoles, or perianth (are both correct or only one?), or receptacle; accrescent; with receptacle (torus) fleshy (& red); 1-seeded to many-seeded; 1-seeded (to many); less than 1 cm long, or from 1–5 cm long; 1–1.1 cm long; (1–)15-carpellate ((1-)2–15 & may appear to be distinct except for common style); with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; with carpels radiating at maturity, or not radiating at maturity; with carpels remaining connected at style; without sterile carpels; not sulcate; apex not beaked; wall leathery, or woody; dehiscent, or indehiscent. Dehiscent unit seed(s). Dehiscent at apex; and shedding seeds; without replum. Epicarp durable; glabrous (without hairs); without armature; with wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Endocarp present, or absent; not separating from exocarp; thin, or fibrous, or woody; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; smooth; without wing; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without mechanism for seedling escape; without grooves; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute; 1 to less than 5 mm long to 5 to less than 10 mm long; 2–8.5 mm long; fusiform; in transection terete, or triangular; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves, or without apparent food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; tight; surface unsmooth; surface with discreet raised features; surface minutely papillate; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous; occasionally or margined with wing(s), or without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; membranous; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding food reserve. Hilum larger than punctate; circular. Endosperm development nuclear; moderate; fleshy; with oils and proteins; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; partially filling testa (with food reserve); 0.6–1 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; axile and centric; foliate, or linear; with investing cotyledons, or spatulate cotyledons; straight, or bent (Brackenridgea); parallel to seed length; embedded in endosperm; with cotyledons abruptly connected to hypocotyl-radicle, or gradually connected to hypocotyl-radicle; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; well developed; 0.5–0.9 times length of embryo; 0.7–0.9 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle; partially concealing hypocotyl-radicle, or not concealing hypocotyl-radicle; thin to thick; flat; smooth; with apices entire; with margins separate; basally cordate; equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle moderately developed, or well developed; straight; not thickened.
Distribution
Pantropical. New World, Old World. Middle America, South America, Africa, Asia Minor, southeastern Asia, Australia, Oceania.
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
ISTA listed seeds.
ISTA listed seeds: -- Lophira alata Banks ex C. F. Gaertn. -- Lophira alata auct., non Banks ex Gaertn. f. = Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. ex Keay -- Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. ex Keay -- Symbols: aagricultural and vegetable seeds (Table 2A Part 1); ttree and shrub species (Table 2A Part 2); fflower, spice, herb, and medicinal seeds (Table 2A Part 3); wweed seeds. -- Last updated September 2008.
Accepted genera
Adenanthe Maguire et al. -- Adenarake Maguire & Wurdack -- Blastemanthus Planch. -- Brackenridgea A. Gray -- Campylospermum Tiegh. -- Cespedesia Goudot -- Charidion Bong. -- Diegodendron Capuron -- Elvasia DC. -- Euthemis Jack -- Fleurydora A. Chev. -- Godoya Ruiz & Pav. -- Idertia Farron -- Indosinia J. E. Vidal -- Indovethia Boerl. -- Krukoviella A. C. Sm. -- Lophira Banks ex C. F. Gaertn. -- Luxemburgia A. St.-Hil. -- Ochna L. -- Ouratea Aubl., nom. cons. -- Perissocarpa Steyerm. & Maguire -- Philacra Dwyer -- Poecilandra Tul. -- Rhabdophyllum Tiegh. -- Rhytidanthera Tiegh. -- Sauvagesia L. -- Schuurmansia Blume -- Schuurmansiella Hallier f. -- Sinia Diels -- Strasburgeria Baill. -- Testulea Pellegr. -- Tyleria Gleason -- Wallacea Spruce ex Benth. & Hook. f.
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 311.
General references
Baillon, H.E. 1866–95. Histoire des plantes, 13 vols. Hachette and Co., Paris, Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of Dicots, esp. vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, New York, Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Engler, A. and K. Prantl. 1924 and onward. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilimien. W. Engelman, Leipzig, Gaertner, J. 1788–1805. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. The Author, Stuttgart, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, LeMaout, E. and J. Decaisne. 1876. A general system of botany, 1,065 p. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182.
Illustrations
Poor fruit and seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or fruit incomplete, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Cronquist, Engler & Prantl, Baillon, Gaertner, LeMaout & Decaisne. Fruit illustration(s): Cronquist, Engler & Prantl. Seed illustration(s): Baillon. Embryo illustration(s): Cronquist, Engler & Prantl, Baillon, LeMaout & Decaisne, Corner.
• Fruit. 1 of 10. Adenanthe bicarpetallata Maguire, Steyerm. & Wurdack: dehisced fruit with calyx. • Seed. 2 of 10. Adenanthe bicarpetallata Maguire, Steyerm. & Wurdack: seeds. • Fruit. 3 of 10. Lophira alata Banks ex C. F. Gaertn.: fruit. • Seed. 4 of 10. Lophira alata Banks ex C. F. Gaertn.: seed. • Fruit. 5 of 10. Ochna mossambicensis Klotzsch: fruits. • Fruit. 6 of 10. Ochna mossambicensis Klotzsch: fruit. • Seed. 7 of 10. Ochna mossambicensis Klotzsch: seed. • Fruit. 8 of 10. Sauvagesia serrata (Korth.) Sastre: dehisced fruit with calyx. • Seed. 9 of 10. Sauvagesia serrata (Korth.) Sastre: seeds. • Embryo. 10 of 10. Sauvagesia erecta L.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
