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Synonyms: Barclayaceae H. L. Li; Euryalaceae J. Agardh; Nupharaceae A. Kern.
Common name: Water-lily Family.
Number of genera 6. Number of species 60.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule a dehisced fruit, or an intact or entire fruit, or a seed.
Fruits
Fruit pericarpium, or anthocarp; simple; capsule, or hesperidium (Spjut Fig. 25A-C & 2 families: Nymphaeaceae & Rutaceae for Citrus); ceratium capsule; capsule not inflated; capsule without operculum; simple; acrosarcum (Barclaya); without persistent central column; crowned by sepals, or petals, or stigma; with styles(s); at apex; more than 1 but less than 10-seeded to 25 to less than 50-seeded (based on carpel numbers); (3–)35-seeded (really (3-)5–35); (3–)35-carpellate (really (3-)5–35); with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; with carpels not radiating at maturity; without sterile carpels; not sulcate; in transection terete; apex not beaked; indehiscent, or dehiscent (when bursting irregularly because of swelling of mucilage within). Dehiscent and shedding seeds; without replum. Epicarp dull; durable; glabrous (without hairs); without armature; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp present; fleshy; composed of 1 unified layer; without lactiform cavity system. Endocarp present; not separating from exocarp; thin; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril present, or absent (Barclaya); a true aril; well developed; adnate to hilum; dry; of funicular origin; basal; does not aid in seed explusion from fruit; spongy; cupshaped. Seed larger than minute; in transection terete; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves; with perisperm, or endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without markedly different marginal tissue; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; tight; dull; surface unsmooth, or smooth; surface with merged raised features; surface colliculate, or reticulate, or ridged (long); without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles, or with bristles (softly spinulose in Barclaya); glabrous, or pubescent (may be hooked); with hairs over surface; without glandular pubescence; without wings; without collar; without operculum, or with operculum (obscurely for Barclaya); colored; monochrome; blue; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding embryo. Endosperm development cellular, or helobial, or nuclear; scant to copious; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Perisperm copious; with starch; with starch composed of clustered grains; opaque. Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; partially filling testa (with food reserve); 0.1–0.2 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; basal; straight; capping one end of perisperm; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons, or acotyledonous. Cotyledons 2; tiny; thin; flat; smooth; with apices entire; with margins separate, or adhering; basally entire; equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle undeveloped.
Distribution
Cosmopolitan. New World, Old World. North America, Middle America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia Major, Asia Minor, southeastern Asia, Australia, Oceania.
Notes
Spjut: Ceratium: Quoting Goebel (1887): Nuphar adena "the fruit… is more like a berry but is distinguished from it [a berry] by the bursting of the outer stout layer of the pericarp…an inner lining of each loculus of the fruit…detaches…which at first floats on the water like a sac containing the seed…".
Weed information
1 or more USA state noxious weeds.
USA states and territories with listed noxious weeds: California (CA), Puerto Rico (PR).
USA state and territory noxious weeds: -- Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.: USA state noxious weed: PRª. -- Nymphaea mexicana Zucc.: USA state noxious weed: CAª, PRª. -- Nymphaea odorata Aiton: USA state noxious weed: PRª. -- Symbols: ªaquatic weed; ●terrestrial weed; °weed in seed. -- Last updated September 2008.
Listed seeds
ASOA listed seeds, ISTA listed seeds.
ASOA listed seeds: -- Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. -- Last updated September 2008.
ISTA listed seeds: -- Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. -- Nymphaea stellata Willd. = Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. -- Symbols: aagricultural and vegetable seeds (Table 2A Part 1); ttree and shrub species (Table 2A Part 2); fflower, spice, herb, and medicinal seeds (Table 2A Part 3); wweed seeds. -- Last updated September 2008.
Accepted genera
Barclaya Wall., nom. cons. -- Euryale Salisb. -- Nuphar Sm., nom. cons. -- Nymphaea L., nom. cons. -- Ondinea Hartog -- Victoria Lindl.
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 109 (including 111: Barclayaceae). Goebel, K. 1887. Outlines of classification and special morphology of plants. A new edition of Sach's text-book of botany, Book II, translated by H.E.F. Garnsey, revised by I.B. Balfour. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
General references
Baillon, H.E. 1866–95. Histoire des plantes, 13 vols. Hachette and Co., Paris, Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Gaertner, J. 1788–1805. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. The Author, Stuttgart, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R. and C.A. Ritchie. 1988. Identification of disseminules listed in the Federal Noxious Weed Act. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1719:1–313, Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, LeMaout, E. and J. Decaisne. 1876. A general system of botany, 1,065 p. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Martin, A.C. 1946. The comparative internal morphology of seeds. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 36:513–660, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182.
Illustrations
Acceptable fruit and seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Gaertner, LeMaout & Decasine, Cronquist, Baillon, Gunn & Ritchie. Seed illustration(s): Karen, LeMaout & Decaisne, Cronquist, Baillon, Gunn & Ritchie. Embryo illustration(s): Karen, LeMaout & Decaisne, Cronquist, Baillon, Gunn & Ritchie, Martin. Karen's plate number and taxon (taxa): 026: Euryale ferox Salisb. (A-B), Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. (C-D), Nuphar (Nymphaea) advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton subsp. advena (E-F), Victoria cruziana A.D. Orb. (G-H).
• Fruit. 1 of 11. Euryale ferox Salisb.: fruits. • Seed. 2 of 11. Euryale ferox Salisb.: fruits without epicarp. • Seed. 3 of 11. Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.: seeds. • Seed. 4 of 11. Nuphar advena (Aiton) W. T. Aiton subsp. advena: seeds. • Seed. 5 of 11. Nymphaea gigantea Hook.: seeds. • Seed. 6 of 11. Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) J. C. Sowerby: seeds. • Embryo. 7 of 11. Barclaya motleyi Hook. f.: embryo. • Embryo. 8 of 11. Euryale ferox Salisb.: embryo. • Embryo. 9 of 11. Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.: embryo. • Embryo. 10 of 11. Nymphaea advena (Aiton) W. T. Aiton subsp. advena: embryo. • Embryo. 11 of 11. Victoria cruziana A. D. Orb.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
