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Synonyms: Pinguiculaceae Dumort.; Utriculariaceae Hoffmanns. & Link
Common name: Bladderwort Family.
Number of genera 3. Number of species 245.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule a dehisced fruit, or an intact or entire fruit, or a seed.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels united. Fruit pericarpium; simple; capsule, or achene (Biovularia, but not Spjut); Utricularia fissuricidal capsule, or foraminicidal capsule (Genlisea Spjut Fig. 31E-G); capsule not inflated; capsule without operculum; without persistent central column; not within accessory organ(s); 1-seeded to many-seeded; 1-seeded (to many); 2-carpellate; with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; without sterile carpels; not sulcate; apex not beaked; dehiscent, or indehiscent. Dehiscent unit seed(s). Dehiscent regularly, or irregularly; passively; linearly; by circumscissile slit; at middle; and shedding seeds; without replum. Epicarp durable; glabrous (without hairs); without armature; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp absent. Endocarp present; not separating from exocarp; thin; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; smooth; without wing; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without mechanism for seedling escape; without grooves; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed minute, or larger than minute; less than 1 mm long to 1 to less than 5 mm long; 0.2–2 mm long; ovate; in transection terete, or compressed; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity without food reserves, or without apparent food reserves, or with food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without markedly different marginal tissue; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; tight; surface unsmooth; surface with discreet raised features, or merged raised features; surface papillate (barbed or not); surface reticulate, or rugose, or sculptured; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous; without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding embryo. Hilum punctate. Endosperm development nuclear, or cellular (Corner); trace, or scant; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve, or undifferentiated from food reserve; rudimentary; 1 per seed; completely filling testa (no food reserve); at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; straight; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; acotyledonous, or with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; tiny; 0–0.24 times length of embryo; as wide as hypocotyl-radicle; 1 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle; not foliaceous; thin; flat; smooth; with apices entire; with margins separate; equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle undeveloped, or vestigial; straight; not thickened.
Distribution
Cosmopolitan. New World, Old World. North America, Middle America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia Major, Asia Minor, southeastern Asia, Australia, Oceania.
Weed information
1 or more USA state noxious weeds.
USA states and territories with listed noxious weeds: Puerto Rico (PR), Washington (WA).
USA state and territory noxious weeds: -- Utricularia foliosa L.: USA state noxious weed: PRª. -- Utricularia inflata Walter: USA state noxious weed: WAª. -- Utricularia spp.: USA state noxious weed: PRª. -- Symbols: ªaquatic weed; ●terrestrial weed; °weed in seed. -- Last updated September 2008.
Listed seeds
No ASOA or ISTA listed seeds.
Accepted genera
Genlisea A. St.-Hil. -- Pinguicula L. -- Utricularia L.
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 973. Kondo, K., M. Segawa, & K. Nehira. 1978. Anatomical studies on seeds and seedlings of some Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae). Brittonia 30:89–95.
General references
Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of Dicots, esp. vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, New York, Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Engler, A. and K. Prantl. 1924 and onward. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilimien. W. Engelman, Leipzig, Gaertner, J. 1788–1805. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. The Author, Stuttgart, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R. and C.A. Ritchie. 1988. Identification of disseminules listed in the Federal Noxious Weed Act. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1719:1–313, Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, LeMaout, E. and J. Decaisne. 1876. A general system of botany, 1,065 p. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182.
Illustrations
Acceptable fruit and seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Engler & Prantl, Cronquist, LeMaout & Decaisne. Seed illustration(s): Karen, Engler & Prantl, LeMaout & Decaisne, Gunn & Ritchie, Kondo et al. (1978). Embryo illustration(s): Karen, LeMaout & Decaisne, Gunn & Ritchie. Karen's plate number and taxon (taxa): 304: Genlisea sanaripoana Steyerm. (A-B), Pinguicula pumila Michx. (C-D), Utricularia (Polypompholyx) multifida R. Br. (E-F), Utricularia cornuta Michx. (G-H).
• Fruit. 1 of 6. Utricularia cornuta Michx.: fruit. • Seed. 2 of 6. Utricularia cornuta Michx.: fruit. • Embryo. 3 of 6. Genlisea sanariapoana Steyerm.: embryo. • Embryo. 4 of 6. Pinguicula pumila Michx.: embryo. • Embryo. 5 of 6. Utricularia multifida P. Taylor: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
