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Common name: Goetzea Family.
Number of genera 4. Number of species 7.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule an intact or entire fruit.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels nearly separate to base. Fruit pericarpium; simple; berry (not Spjut - see Notes), or drupe (not Spjut- see Notes); berry indehiscent; berry without central placental mass; without persistent central column; not within accessory organ(s); 1-seeded to more than 1 but less than 10-seeded; 1-seeded (to ?); without sterile carpels; not sulcate; in transection terete; apex not beaked; wall fleshy; indehiscent. Epicarp durable; glabrous (without hairs); without armature; smooth; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp present; fleshy; without lactiform cavity system. Endocarp absent. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed without winglike beak. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without markedly different marginal tissue; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous; with wing(s); with wing(s) fimbriate; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; crustaceous; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted. Raphe conspicuous (black dorsal ridge).
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 2 per seed (Miers (1970)); at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2, or 4; well developed; somewhat to significantly wider than hypocotyl-radicle; not foliaceous; equal in size; not punctate dotted.
Distribution
New World. Middle America (West Indies).
Notes
Spjut did not cover this family. Based on his Solanaceae treatment berry would be better choice. But the endocarp is described as membranous, which would make it a drupe! Berries do not have an endocarp.
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
No ASOA or ISTA listed seeds.
Accepted genera
Coeloneurum Radlk. -- Espadaea A. Rich. -- Goetzea Wydler, nom. cons. -- Henoonia Griseb.
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 895 (Cronquist & Mabberley have in Solanaceae). Miers, J. 1869. On the genera Goetzia and Espadaea. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27:187–195; Leon, H. (J.S. Sauget) & H. Alain (E.E. Liogier). 1974. Flora de Cuba, pt. 4. Reprinted by Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein, Germany.
General references
Airy Shaw, H.K. 1973. A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, 1,131 pp. University Press, Cambridge, Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Illustrations
Poor fruit and seed illustrations. Cronquist has no illustration. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Miers (1870). Seed illustration(s): Miers (1870). Embryo illustration(s): Miers (1870).
• Fruit. 1 of 3. Coeloneurum ferrugineum (Spreng.) Urb.: fruit. • Seed. 2 of 3. Coeloneurum ferrugineum (Spreng.) Urb.: seed cluster. • Embryo. 3 of 3. Espadea amoena A. Rich.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
