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Common name: Eucryphia Family.
Number of genera 1. Number of species 5.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule a dehisced fruit, or a seed.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels united. Fruit pericarpium; schizocarp, or simple; capsule; coccarium; septicidal capsule (of authors, but not Spjut); capsule not inflated; capsule without operculum; with persistent central column; valves not diverging at top of central column; not within accessory organ(s); few; few; 5–12-carpellate (4–18); with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; without sterile carpels; not sulcate; apex not beaked; wall leathery, or woody; dehiscent. Dehiscent unit seed(s). Dehiscent and shedding seeds; without replum. Epicarp durable; without armature; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp absent (assumed). Endocarp present (epicarp separates from endocarp - reference to mesocarp); separating spontaneously from exocarp, or not separating from exocarp; thin; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; smooth; without wing; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without mechanism for seedling escape; without grooves; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute; elliptic, or oblong (more or less); in transection compressed; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; tight; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous; with wing(s); 1-winged; with wing at one end; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding embryo (more or less). Endosperm moderate to scant; fleshy; smooth; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; partially filling testa (with food reserve); 0.8 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; axile and centric; foliate; with spatulate cotyledons; parallel to seed length; with cotyledons abruptly connected to hypocotyl-radicle; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; well developed; 0.8 times length of embryo; somewhat to significantly wider than hypocotyl-radicle; 3 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle; not concealing hypocotyl-radicle; foliaceous; thin; flat; smooth; with apices entire; with margins separate; basally entire; equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle small; straight; not thickened.
Distribution
Old World and New World. South America (Chile), Australia (eastern and Tasmania).
Notes
Most authors, except Spjut, labelled septicidal capsule opening ventrally. Bausch (1938): "4–14 sulcate, septicidally 4–14-valved, valves boat-shaped, rostrate with persistent or party persistent style, separating from placenta-bearing axis".
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
ISTA listed seeds.
ISTA listed seeds: -- Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. -- Eucryphia glutinosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Baill. -- Eucryphia × intermedia J. Bausch -- Eucryphia lucida (Labill.) Baill. -- Eucryphia × nymansensis J. Bausch -- Symbols: aagricultural and vegetable seeds (Table 2A Part 1); ttree and shrub species (Table 2A Part 2); fflower, spice, herb, and medicinal seeds (Table 2A Part 3); wweed seeds. -- Last updated September 2008.
Accepted genera
Eucryphia Cav.
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 543. Bausch, J. 1938. LIII - A revision of the Eucryphiaceae. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938:317–349.
General references
Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Engler, A. and K. Prantl. 1924 and onward. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilimien. W. Engelman, Leipzig, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182.
Illustrations
Acceptable fruit and seed Illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Engler & Prantl, Cronquist. Seed illustration(s): Cronquist, Karen. Embryo illustration(s): Engler & Prantl, Karen. Karen's plate number and taxon (taxa): 158: Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. (A-B).
• Fruit. 1 of 3. Eucryphia cordifolia Cav.: fruit with calyx. • Seed. 2 of 3. Eucryphia cordifolia Cav.: seeds. • Embryo. 3 of 3. Eucryphia cordifolia Cav.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
