| | Family guide for fruits and seeds |
Common name: Daphniphyllum Family.
Number of genera 1. Number of species 10.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule an intact or entire fruit.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels united. Fruit pericarpium; simple; drupe; without persistent central column; with styles(s); at apex; not within accessory organ(s), or within accessory organ(s); within staminoids; 1-seeded, or more than 1 but less than 10-seeded; 1(–2)-seeded; less than 1 cm long, or from 1–5 cm long; 0.6–1.2 cm long; 2(–4)-carpellate; with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; without sterile carpels; apex not beaked; wall fleshy; indehiscent. Epicarp brown (all shades), or gray, or yellow, or black; unknown & glaucous; durable; glabrous (without hairs); without armature; smooth, or not smooth; rugose, or tuberculate; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp present; fleshy; composed of 1 unified layer; without lactiform cavity system; and endocarp sharply differentiated. Endocarp present; not separating from exocarp; tropical taxa hard to pliable (soft for temperate taxa); not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; stone unilocular; stone 2-loculate (3–4, incompletely); without operculum; without secretory cavities; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute (assumed); 5 to less than 10 mm long; 6 mm long; elliptic; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without markedly different marginal tissue; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; tight; surface unsmooth; surface with merged raised features; surface reticulate; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous; without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted. Endosperm development cellular; copious; smooth (assumed); with oils and proteins; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; partially filling testa (with food reserve); 0.1 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; linear; straight; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; 0.6 times length of embryo; 1 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle; foliaceous; flat (assumed); corrugate; with apices entire; basally entire; equal in size; not punctate dotted.
Distribution
Old World. Asia Major (eastern), southeastern Asia (Malay Archipelago).
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
No ASOA or ISTA listed seeds.
Accepted genera
Daphniphyllum Blume
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 178. Sutton, D.A. 1989b. 16. The Daphniphyllales: A systematic review. In: P.R. Crane & S. Blackmore, eds., Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the Hamamelidae, Vol. 1: Introduction and 'Lower' Hamamelidae, pp. 285–291. Clarendon Press, Oxford; Huang, T.-C. 1965. Monograph of Daphiniphyllum. I. Taiwania 11:57–98; Huang, T.-C. 1966. Monograph of Daphiniphyllum. II. Taiwania 12:137–234.
General references
Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of Dicots, esp. vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, New York, Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182.
Illustrations
Acceptable fruit and seed illustrations. Cronquist has no illustration. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Huang (1966). Seed illustration(s): Karen. Embryo illustration(s): Karen. Karen's plate number and taxon (taxa): 047: Daphniphyllum himalayense Muell. ARg. (A-B).
• Fruit. 1 of 4. Daphniphyllum himalense (Benth.) Müll. Arg.: fruit. • Fruit. 2 of 4. Daphniphyllum himalense (Benth.) Müll. Arg.: fruit with exocarp removed. • Seed. 3 of 4. Daphniphyllum himalense (Benth.) Müll. Arg.: seeds. • Embryo. 4 of 4. Daphniphyllum himalense (Benth.) Müll. Arg.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
