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Synonyms: Winteranaceae Warb., nom. illeg.
Common name: Canella Family.
Number of genera 6. Number of species 16.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule an intact or entire fruit.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels united. Fruit pericarpium; simple; amphisarcum, or berry; berry indehiscent; berry without central placental mass; without persistent central column; not within accessory organ(s); more than 1 but less than 10-seeded (-many); 2-seeded (-many); 2–6-carpellate; with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; with carpels remaining connected at style; without sterile carpels; apex not beaked; indehiscent. Epicarp durable; without armature; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp present. Endocarp present, or absent; not separating from exocarp; thin; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; smooth; without wing; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without mechanism for seedling escape; without grooves; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent, or present; a true aril; vestigal (hilar aril: Canella). Seed larger than minute; C-shaped, or cerebriform; in transection compressed; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; shiny; surface smooth, or unsmooth; surface with discreet raised features, or merged raised features; surface warted; surface rugose; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; with notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approaching each other, or without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; crustaceous; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding food reserve. Endosperm copious; fleshy; smooth, or ruminate (Cinnamosma); with oils; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed, or rudimentary (Cinnamosma); 1 per seed; partially filling testa (with food reserve); 0.2–0.4 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; axile and centric; foliate, or linear (barely foliate); with spatulate cotyledons (barely); straight, or C-shaped; with cotyledons gradually connected to hypocotyl-radicle; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; well developed; 0.4 times length of embryo; 1–1.5 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle; not concealing hypocotyl-radicle; smooth; with apices entire; with margins separate; basally entire; equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle moderately developed; straight; not thickened.
Distribution
New World, Old World. Middle America (Canella and Pleodendron: Caribbean), South America (Capsicodendron and Cinnamodendron: South America), Africa (Warburgia: Africa; Cinnamosma: Madagascar).
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
No ASOA or ISTA listed seeds.
Accepted genera
Canella P. Browne, nom. cons. -- Capsicodendron Hoehne -- Cinnamodendron Endl. -- Cinnamosma Baill. -- Pleodendron Tiegh. -- Warburgia Engl., nom. cons.
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 57.
General references
Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Engler, A. and K. Prantl. 1924 and onward. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilimien. W. Engelman, Leipzig, Gaertner, J. 1788–1805. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. The Author, Stuttgart, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182.
Illustrations
Poor fruit and poor seed illustrations. Cronquist has no illustration. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Roosmalen. Seed illustration(s): Karen. Embryo illustration(s): Karen, Engler & Prantl. Karen's plate number and taxon (taxa): 010: Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn.(J-K), Capsicodendron dinisii (Schwacker) P. Occhioni (A-C), Cinnamodendron corticosum Miers (D-F), Cinnamosma macrocarpa (G-I), Pleodendron macranthum (Baill.) Tiegh.(M-O), Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (P-R).
• Fruit. 1 of 8. Canella winteriana (L.) Gaertn.: fruit. • Seed. 2 of 99. Canella winteriana (L.) Gaertn.: seeds. • Embryo. 3 of 8. Canella winteriana (L.) Gaertn.: embryo. • Embryo. 4 of 8. Capsicodendron dinisii (Schwacke) Occhioni: embryo. • Embryo. 5 of 8. Cinnamodendron corticosum Miers: embryo. • Embryo. 6 of 8. Cinnamosma macrocarpa H. Perrier: embryo. • Embryo. 7 of 8. Pleodendron macranthum (Baill.) Tiegh.: embryo. • Embryo. 8 of 8. Warburgia salutaris (Bertol. f.) Chiov: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
