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Common name: Bonnetia Family.
Number of genera 3. Number of species 30.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule a dehisced fruit, or a seed.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels united. Fruit pericarpium; simple; capsule; septicidal capsule (Spjut has Theaceae: Bonnetioideae); capsule not inflated; capsule without operculum; without persistent central column; not within accessory organ(s); without sterile carpels; apex not beaked; dehiscent. Dehiscent unit seed(s). Dehiscent at base; and shedding seeds; without replum. Epicarp durable; without armature; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Endocarp present; not separating from exocarp; thin, or woody; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute; 1 to less than 5 mm long; 2.5–3 mm long; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves, or without food reserves, or without apparent food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted. Endosperm scant (very).
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; completely filling testa (no food reserve); at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; axile and centric; straight; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; well developed; not divaricate; 0.2–0.3 times length of embryo; as wide as hypocotyl-radicle, or not as wide as hypocotyl-radicle; equal in size; not punctate dotted.
Distribution
Old World and New World. Middle America, South America, southeastern Asia.
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
No ASOA or ISTA listed seeds.
Accepted genera
Archytaea Mart. -- Bonnetia Mart., nom. cons. -- Ploiarium Korth.
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 320 (Cronquist & Mabberley have in Theaceae).
General references
Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of Dicots, esp. vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, New York, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Roosmalen, M.G.M. van. 1985. Fruits of the Guianan flora, 483 pp. Institute of Systematic Botany, Wageningen Agricultural University. Drukkerij Veenman B.V., Wageningen.
Illustrations
Poor fruit and seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed. Fruit illustration(s): Roosmalen. Seed illustration(s): Corner.
• Fruit. 1 of 3. Bonnetia paniculata Spruce & Benth.: dehisced fruits. • Seed. 2 of 3. Bonnetia paniculata Spruce & Benth.: seeds. • Embryo. 3 of 3. Bonnetia anceps Mart. & Zucc.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
