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Synonyms: Crescentiaceae Dumort.; Schlegeliaceae Reveal
Common name: Trumpet-creeper Family.
Number of genera 109. Number of species 725.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule a dehisced fruit, or an intact or entire fruit, or a seed.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels united. Fruit pericarpium; simple; amphisarcum (Crescentia cujete L., Spjut Fig. 19B), or capsule; ceratium capsule, or septicidal capsule, or septifragal capsule (Tecomeae, but not Spjut), or loculicidal capsule (Bignonieae, but not Spjut); capsule not inflated; capsule without operculum; without persistent central column; not within accessory organ(s); many-seeded, or more than 1 but less than 10-seeded (few for Argylia); many but few in Argylea; 2-carpellate; without sterile carpels; in transection terete; apex not beaked; dehiscent, or indehiscent (seldom indehiscent in Crescentia & Colea). Dehiscent unit seed(s). Dehiscent regularly; passively; at apex, or base (Eccremocarpus); without replum. Epicarp green, or yellow; dull; durable; without armature, or with armature; with spines; smooth, or not smooth; with wing(s), or without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp present; fleshy; composed of 1 unified layer; without lactiform cavity system. Endocarp present; not separating from exocarp; thin; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; smooth; without wing; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without mechanism for seedling escape; without grooves; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute; in transection flattened, or compressed; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity without food reserves, or with food reserves (Paulonia), or without apparent food reserves; with endosperm (Paulonia); without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; surface smooth, or unsmooth; surface with merged raised features; surface striate; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous, or pubescent; with tuft of hairs at each end (Chilopsis with white hairs); without agglutinated hairs; without mucilaginous hairs; without glandular pubescence; with wing(s), or without wings (Crescentieae); 2-winged, or 1-winged; with wings on both sides (maybe solid or hairlike); with wing(s) fimbriate, or solid (Argylea); with solid wing(s) corky; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding embryo, or surrounding food reserve. Endosperm development cellular; scant (Paulonia & oily).
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; partially filling testa (with food reserve); at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; foliate; with investing cotyledons; straight; with cotyledons abruptly connected to hypocotyl-radicle; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; well developed; 0.8 times length of embryo; somewhat to significantly wider than hypocotyl-radicle; 3–4 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle; entirely concealing hypocotyl-radicle, or partially concealing hypocotyl-radicle; thin, or thick (Argylia); smooth; with apices lobed; with margins separate; basally cordate (and maybe 2); equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle moderately developed; straight; not thickened.
Distribution
Cosmopolitan (fewer in temperate). New World, Old World (Catalpa only genus common to both Worlds). North America, Middle America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia Major, Asia Minor, southeastern Asia, Australia, Oceania.
Notes
Tribes: Eccremocarpeae - Fruit dehiscent without septum; Tourrettieae - Fruit dehiscent with septum, capsule densely uncinate-spiny & burlike, 4-valved not splitting to base (New World); Bignonieae - Fruit dehiscent parallel to septum or occasionally 4-valved (New World); Oroxyleae - Fruit dehiscent with septum & dehiscence parallel to septum, or 4-valved (tropical Asia); Tecomeae - Fruit dehiscent with septum & dehiscence perpendicular to septum; Coleae - Fruit indehiscent (Madagascar & Africa); Schlegelieae - Fruit indehiscent, nonfoliaceous cotyledons; Crescentieae - Fruit indehiscent foliaceous cotyledons.
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
ASOA listed seeds, ISTA listed seeds.
ASOA listed seeds: -- Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau -- Catalpa bignonioides Walter -- Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Warder ex Engelm. -- Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet -- Last updated September 2008.
ISTA listed seeds: -- Crescentia cujete L. -- Cybistax donnell-smithii (Rose) Seibert = Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose -- Eccremocarpus scaber Ruiz & Pav. -- Incarvillea delavayi Bureau & Franch. -- Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Donw -- Paratecoma peroba (Record & Mell) Kuhlm. -- Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.w -- Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose -- Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. -- Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G. Nicholson -- Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunthw -- Symbols: aagricultural and vegetable seeds (Table 2A Part 1); ttree and shrub species (Table 2A Part 2); fflower, spice, herb, and medicinal seeds (Table 2A Part 3); wweed seeds. -- Last updated September 2008.
Accepted genera
Adenocalymma Mart. ex Meisn. -- Amphilophium Kunth -- Amphitecna Miers -- Anemopaegma Mart. ex Meisn., nom. cons. -- Argylia D. Don -- Arrabidaea DC. -- Astianthus D. Don -- Bignonia L., nom. cons. -- Callichlamys Miq. -- Campsidium Seem. -- Campsis Lour., nom. cons. -- Catalpa Scop. -- Catophractes D. Don -- Ceratophytum Pittier -- Chilopsis D. Don -- Clytostoma Miers ex Bureau -- Colea Bojer ex Meisn., nom. cons. -- Crescentia L. -- Cuspidaria DC., nom. cons. -- Cybistax Mart. ex Meisn. -- Cydista Miers -- Delostoma D. Don -- Deplanchea Vieill. -- Digomphia Benth. -- Dinklageodoxa Heine & Sandwith -- Distictella Kuntze -- Distictis Mart. ex Meisn. -- Dolichandra Cham. -- Dolichandrone (Fenzl) Seem., nom. cons. -- Eccremocarpus Ruiz & Pav. -- Ekmanianthe Urb. -- Exarata A. H. Gentry -- Fernandoa Welw. ex Seem. -- Fridericia Mart. -- Gardnerodoxa Sandwith -- Gibsoniothamnus L. O. Williams -- Glaziova Bureau -- Godmania Hemsl. -- Haplolophium Cham., nom. cons. -- Haplophragma Dop -- Heterophragma DC. -- Hieris Steenis -- Incarvillea Juss. -- Jacaranda Juss. -- Kigelia DC. -- Lamiodendron Steenis -- Leucocalantha Barb. Rodr. -- Lundia DC., nom. cons. -- Macfadyena A. DC. -- Macranthisiphon Bureau ex K. Schum. -- Manaosella J. C. Gomes -- Mansoa DC. -- Markhamia Seem. ex Baill. -- Martinella Baill. -- Melloa Bureau -- Memora Miers -- Millingtonia L. f. -- Mussatia Bureau ex Baill. -- Neojobertia Baill. -- Neosepicaea Diels -- Newbouldia Seem. ex Bureau -- Nyctocalos Teijsm. & Binn. -- Ophiocolea H. Perrier -- Oroxylum Vent. -- Pajanelia DC. -- Pandorea (Endl.) Spach -- Parabignonia Bureau ex K. Schum. -- Paragonia Bureau -- Paratecoma Kuhlm. -- Parmentiera DC. -- Pauldopia Steenis -- Perianthomega Bureau ex Baill. -- Periarrabidaea A. Samp. -- Perichlaena Baill. -- Phryganocydia Mart. ex Bureau -- Phyllarthron DC. -- Phylloctenium Baill. -- Piriadacus Pichon -- Pithecoctenium Mart. ex Meisn. -- Pleonotoma Miers -- Podranea Sprague -- Potamoganos Sandwith -- Pseudocatalpa A. H. Gentry -- Pyrostegia C. Presl -- Radermachera Zoll. & Moritzi -- Rhigozum Burch. -- Rhodocolea Baill. -- Roentgenia Urb. -- Romeroa Dugand -- Santisukia Brummitt -- Saritaea Dugand -- Schlegelia Miq. -- Sparattosperma Mart. ex Meisn. -- Spathicalyx J. C. Gomes -- Spathodea P. Beauv. -- Sphingiphila A. H. Gentry -- Spirotecoma Dalla Torre & Harms -- Stereospermum Cham. -- Stizophyllum Miers -- Synapsis Griseb. -- Tabebuia Gomes ex DC. -- Tanaecium Sw. -- Tecoma Juss. -- Tecomanthe Baill. -- Tecomella Seem. -- Tourrettia Foug., nom. cons. -- Tynanthus Miers -- Urbanolophium Melch. -- Xylophragma Sprague -- Zeyheria Mart. --
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 968.
General references
Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of Dicots, esp. vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, New York, Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Gaertner, J. 1788–1805. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. The Author, Stuttgart, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R. and C.A. Ritchie. 1988. Identification of disseminules listed in the Federal Noxious Weed Act. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1719:1–313, Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Roosmalen, M.G.M. van. 1985. Fruits of the Guianan flora, 483 pp. Institute of Systematic Botany, Wageningen Agricultural University. Drukkerij Veenman B.V., Wageningen, Schopmeyer, C.S. 1974. Seeds of Woody plants in the United States. Agric. Handb. 450:1–883, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182, Wood, C.E., Jr. 1974. A student's atlas of flowering plants: Some dicotyledons of eastern North America, 120 pp. Harper and Row, New York.
Illustrations
Barely acceptable fruit and acceptable seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Gunn & Dennis, Schopmeyer, LeMaout & Decaisne, Wood, Jr., Roosmalen, Gaertner. Seed illustration(s): Schopmeyer, Gunn & Ritchie, Wood, Jr., Gaertner, Roosmalen. Embryo illustration(s): Schopmeyer, Wood, Jr., Gunn & Ritchie, Gaertner.
• Seed. 1 of 15. Catalpa bignonioides Walter: seed. • Seed. 2 of 15. Crescentia alata Kunth: seeds. • Seed. 3 of 15. Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don: seeds. • Seed. 4 of 15. Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. H. Gentry: seed. • Fruit. 5 of 15. Memnora cladotricha Sandwith: fruit segment. • Seed. 6 of 15. Memnora cladotricha Sandwith: seed. • Fruit. 7 of 15. Tanaecium jaroba Sw.: fruit segment. • Seed. 8 of 15. Tanaecium jaroba Sw.: seed. • Fruit. 9 of 15. Tourrettia lappacea Willd.: dehisced fruit. • Seed. 10 of 15. Tourrettia lappacea Willd.: seeds. • Embryo. 11 of 15. Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau: embryo. • Embryo. 12 of 15. Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Warder ex Engelm.: embryo. • Embryo. 13 of 15. Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet: embryo. • Embryo. 14 of 15. Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. H. Gentry: embryo. • Embryo. 15 of 15. Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A. H. Gentry: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
