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Family guide for fruits and seeds

J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz

References

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Burkhart, A. 1979. Flora illustrada de entre Rios (Argentina), part V, pp. 418–421. INTA, Buenos Aires.

Buth, G.M. & K. Misri. 1984. Seed structure of some species of Rosaceae. J. Pl. Anat. Morphol. 1:63–68.

Cabrera, A.L. 1983. Flora de la Provincia de Jujuy, República Argentina, part VIII, pp. 294–296. INTA, Buenos Aires.

Canne, J.M. 1980. Seed surface features in Aureolaria, Brachystigma, Tomanthera, and certain South American Agalinis (Scrophulariaceae). Syst. Bot. 5:241–252.

Cannon, M.J. & J.F.M. Cannon. 1984. A revision of the Morinaceae (Magnoliophyta - Dipsacales). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 12:1–35.

Carlquist, S. 1964. Morphology and relationships of Lactoridaceae. Aliso 5:421–435.

Carlquist, S. 1969. Studies in Stylidiaceae: New taxa, field observations, evolutionary tendencies. Aliso 7:13–64.

Carlquist, S. 1977. A revision of Grubbiaceae. J. S. African Bot. 43:115–128.

Carolin, R. 1974. A review of the family Portulacaceae. Taxon 23:725–728.

Carolin, R.C. 1966. Seeds and fruit of the Goodeniaceae. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 91:58–83.

Carter, S. 1966. Tecophileaceae. In: E. Milne-Redhead & R.M. Polhill, eds., Flora of tropical east Africa, 7 pp. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments & Administrations, London.

Chakravarty, H.L. & D.K. Hore. 1979. Role of seed structure in cucurbit classification. Indian J. Forest. 2:323–329.

Chase, M.W. & J. S. Pippen. 1988. Seed morphology in the Oncidiinae and related subtribes (Orchidaceae). Syst. Bot. 13:313–323.

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Chaw, S.-M. & V.V. Sivarajan. 1989. Seed coat micromorphology of some Asiatic Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae). Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 30:15–24.

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Chuang, T.I. & L. Constance. 1992. Seeds and systematics in Hydrophyllaceae: Tribe Hydrophylleae. Amer. J. Bot. 79:257–264.

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Clifford, H.T. & W.K. Smith. 1969. Seed morphology and classification of Orchidaceae. Phytomorphology 19:133–139.

Cocucci, A.E. 1976. Estudios en el género Prosopanche (Hydnoraceae). III. Embriologia. Kurtziana 9:19–39.

Coode, M.J.E. 1967. Materials towards a flora of Turkey: XV. Valerianaceae: Valerianella. Notes from Royal Bot. Gard. Edinb. 27(3):219–256.

Cook, C.D.K. 1990. Seed dispersal of Nymphoides peltata (S.G. Gmelin) O. Kuntze (Menyanthaceae). Aquatic Bot. 37:325–340.

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Correa, M.N. 1984. Flora Patagonica, Parte 4a. Collección Científica del Inta, Buenos Aires.

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Correll, D.S. & H.B. Correll. 1972b. Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, vol. 2. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif..

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Cronquist, A. 1944. Studies in the Simaroubaceae - IV. Resume of the American genera. Brittonia 5:129–147.

Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 pp. Columbia University Press, New York.

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Cusset, C. 1973. Révision des Hydrostachyaceae. Adansonia, sér. 2, 13:75–119.

Dahlgren, R. & V.S. Rao. 1969. A study of the family Geissolomataceae. Bot. Not. 122:207–227.

Dahlgren, R.M.T., H.T. Clifford & P.F. Yeo. 1985. The families of the monocotyledons, 520 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

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Dallwitz, M. J. 1980. A general system for coding taxonomic descriptions. Taxon 29, 41–6.

Dallwitz, M. J., Paine, T. A., and Zurcher, E. J. 1993 onwards. User’s guide to the DELTA system: a general system for processing taxonomic descriptions. 4th edition. delta-intkey.com

Dallwitz, M. J., Paine, T. A., and Zurcher, E. J. 1995 onwards. User’s guide to Intkey: a program for interactive identification and information retrieval. 1st edition. delta-intkey.com

Dallwitz, M. J., Paine, T. A. and Zurcher, E. J. 1999 onwards. User’s Guide to the DELTA Editor. delta-intkey.com

Dallwitz, M. J., Paine, T. A. and Zurcher, E. J. 2000 onwards. Principles of interactive keys. delta-intkey.com

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Davidse, G. & E. Martínez S. 1990. The chromosome number of Lacandonia schismatica (Lacandoniaceae). Syst. Bot. 15:635–637.

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Dickison, W.C. 1984. Fruits and seeds of the Cunoniaceae. J. Arnold Arbor. 65:149–190.

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Doweld, A.B. 1996a. The carpology and taxonomic relationships of Bretschneidera (Bretschneideraceae). Acta Bot. Malac. 21:79–90.

Doweld, A.B. 1996b. The systematic relevance of fruit and seed anatomy and morphology of Akania (Akaniaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120:379­-389.

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Dressler, R.L. & J. Kuijt. 1968. A second species of Ammobroma (Lennoaceae) in Sinaloa, Mexico. Madroña 19:179–182.

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Durani, S. & A.M. Kak. 1986. Seed studies on the aquatic genus Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae). J. Pl. Anat. Morphol. 3:123–127.

Durani, S. & A.M. Kak. 1988. Seed morphology of the genus Zannichellia (Zannichelliaceae). J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 12:385–386.

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Elias, T.S. 1971. The genera of Myricaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 52:305–318.

Elisens, W.J. & A.S. Thomb. 1983. Seed morphology in New World Antirrhinae (Scrophulariaceae): Systematic and phylogenetic implications. Pl. Syst. Evol. 142:23–47.

Endress, P.K. & F.B. Sampson. 1983. Floral structure and relationships of the Trimeniaceae (Laurales). J. Arnold Arbor. 64:447–473.

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Eriksson, R. 1989. Chorigyne, a new genus of the Cyclanthaceae from Central America. Nordic J. Bot. 9:31–45.

Eyde, R.H. 1963. Morphology and paleobotanical studies of the Nyssaceae. I. A survey of the modern species and their fruits. J. Arnold Arbor. 44:1–59.

Eyde, R.H. 1966. Systematic anatomy of the flower and fruit of Corokia. Amer. J. Bot. 53:833–847.

Eyde, R.H. 1968. Flowers, fruits, and phylogeny of Alangiaceae. J. Arnold Arbor. 49:167–192.

Falcão Ichaso, C.L. 1978. Tipos de sementes encontradas nas Scrophulariaceae. Rodriguésia 30:335–344.

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Fernando, E.S. & C.J. Quinn. 1995. Picramniaceae, a new family, and a recircumscription of Simaroubaceae. Taxon 44:177–181.

Flora of Australia. Various years & volumes. Australian Government Publication, Canberra.

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Forman, L.L., P.E. Brandham, M.M. Harley, & T.J. Lawrence. 1989. Beiselia mexicana (Burseraceae) and its affinities. Kew Bull. 44:1–31.

Foster, A.S. 1961. The floral morphology and relationships of Kingdonia uniflora. J. Arnold Arbor. 42:397–415.

Friis, I. 1989. The Urticaceae: a systematic review. In: P.R. Crane & S. Blackmore, eds., Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the Hamamelidae, vol. 2: ‘Higher’ Hamamelidae, pp. 285–308. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Friis, I. & C.M. Wilmot-Dear. 1988. A revision of the tribe Forsskaoleae (Urticaceae). Nord. J. Bot. 8:25–59.

Gaertner, E.E. 1950. Studies of seed germination, seed identification, and host relationships in dodders, Cuscuta spp. Mem. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. 294:1–56.

Gaertner, J. 1788-1805. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. The Author, Stuttgart.

Galle, F.C. 1997. Hollies: The genus Ilex. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

Garnock-Jones, P.J. 1991. Seed morphology and anatomy of the New Zealand genera Cheesemania, Ischnocarpus, Iti, Notothlaspi, and Pachycladon (Brassicaceae). New Zealand J. Bot. 29:71–82.

Gates, B. 1982. Banisteriopsis, Diplopterys (Malpighiaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 30:1–237.

Gentry, H.S. 1978. The Agaves of Baja California. Occas. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. 130:1–119.

Gentry, A.H. 1984. Klainedoxa (Irvingiaceae) at Makokou, Gabon: Three sympatric species in a putatively monotypic genus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71:166–168.

Gérard, F. 1919. Étude systématique, morphologique et anatomique des Chlaenacées. Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille, sér. 3, 7:1-135.

Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/tax/index.html (January 2003): Species names with authors were found in GRIN, those without authors we not found in GRIN.

Giulietti, A.M., W.R. Monteiro, S. J. Mayo, & J. Stephens. 1987. A perliminary survey of testa sculpture in Eriocaulaceae. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen. 62. 189–209.

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Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) & 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.; URL: http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Botany/scb_RecordSingle.cfm?filename=scb-0058) & 71 for monocots (74 pp.; URL: http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Botany/scb_RecordSingle.cfm?filename=scb-0071). [Goldberg’s illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted].

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Gómez-Laurito, J. & L.D. Gomez P. 1991. Ticodendraceae: A new family of flowering plants. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78:87–88.

Gonzalez, G.L. 1981. Pterocepalidium, un nuevo género Ibérico de la familia Dipsacaceae. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43:245–252.

Graham, S. A. 1984. Alzateaceae, a new family of Myrtales in the American tropics. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71:757–779.

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Grootjen, C.J. 1983. Development of ovule and seed in Marantaceae. Acta Bot. Neerl. 32:69–86.

Grootjen, C.J. & F. Bouman. 1988. Seed structure in Cannaceae: Taxonomic and ecological implications. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 61:363–371.

Guimarães, E.L. & J.R. Miguel. 1987. Contribuição ao conhecimento de Trigoniaceae brasileiras. VI - Trigoniodendron Guimarães et J. Miguel n. gen. Revista Brasil. Biol. 47:559–563.

Gunn, C.R. 1969. Seeds of the United States noxious and common weeds in the Convolvulaceae, excluding the genus Cuscuta. Proc. Assoc. Off. Seed Analysts 59:101–115.

Gunn, C.R. 1976. Seed and fruits of North American Papaveraceae. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1517:1–96.

Gunn, C.R. 1977. Merremia discoidesperma: Its taxonomy and capacity of its seeds for ocean drifting. Econ. Bot. 31:237–252.

Gunn, C.R. 1980. Seeds and fruits of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae. Seed Sci. Technol. 8:3–58.

Gunn, C.R. 1984. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Mimosoideae (Fabaceae). Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1681:1–194.

Gunn, C.R. 1991. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae (Fabaceae). Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1755:1–408.

Gunn, C.R. & J.V. Dennis. 1976. World guide to tropical drift seeds and fruits, 240 pp. The New York Times Book Co., New York.

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