| | Commercial timbers |
Nomenclature etc. MALVACEAE (TILIACEAE). Trade and local names: açoita cavalo, ivitinga, caoueti, pau-de-canga, estribeira, pau-de-estribo, ibatingui (BR); ibatinuí, sota caballo, caibotí, azota caballo, Francisco Alvarez, árbol de San Francisco (AR); asoita (UY). Not protected under CITES regulations.
Description based on 9 specimens. Tree. Geographic distribution: southern Brazil, temperate South America.
General. Growth ring boundaries distinct. Demarcated by marginal parenchyma bands. Heartwood basically brown and red. Sapwood colour distinct from heartwood colour. Density 0.6–0.7 g/cm³.
Vessels. Wood diffuse porous. Vessels in multiples, commonly in short (2–3 vessels) radial rows. Multiples with up to 5 vessels. Average tangential vessel diameter 40–90–150 µm. Average number of vessels/mm² 10–20. Average vessel element length 250–350 µm. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, average diameter (vertical) 6–8 µm. Vessel-ray pits with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits. Other deposits present, brown organic contents.
Tracheids and fibres. Fibres very thin-walled to of medium wall thickness. Average fibre length 600–900 µm. Fibre pits mainly restricted to radial walls, simple to minutely bordered. Fibre pits frequent in radial walls, often in two rows.
Axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma present, banded. Bands marginal (or seemingly marginal). Bands fine. Axial parenchyma apotracheal and paratracheal. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty. Axial parenchyma as strands. Average number of cells per strand: 4(–5).
Rays. Rays 10–14 per tangential mm, multiseriate, 1–5 cells wide. Height of large rays up to 500 µm. Rays composed of two or more cell types (heterocellular). Heterocellular rays with square and upright cells restricted to marginal rows, mostly 1 marginal row of upright or square cells. Tile cells present. In some specimens rays in two different sizes, uni- and multisertiates.
Storied structures. Storied structure present, some rays storied, some not (low rays (uniseriates and multiseriates) storied, the large rays not), axial parenchyma storied, vessel elements storied, fibres storied. Arrangement of tiers regular. Number of ray tiers per axial millimetre 2–3.
Secretory structures. Intercellular canals absent.
Mineral inclusions. Crystals present, prismatic, located in ray cells and axial parenchyma cells. Crystal-containing ray cells upright and/or square and procumbent. Crystals in procumbent ray cells in radial alignment, or not in radial alignment. Crystal-containing axial parenchyma cells not chambered. Number of crystals per cell or chamber one. Silica not observed.
Illustrations. • Transverse section. • Tangential section. • Radial section. • Tile cells; crystals. tile cells (TC) and solitary crystals (CR) in rays. TC. CR.
The interactive key allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, summaries of attributes within groups of taxa, and geographical distribution.
Cite this publication as: ‘Richter, H.G., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Version: 9th April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.
