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Nomenclature etc. TETRAMERISTACEAE. Trade and local names: punah (MY), entuyut (MY-Sar), tuyut (MY-Sab); punak (ID). Not protected under CITES regulations.
Tree. Geographic distribution: Indomalesia.
General. Heartwood basically brown, yellow to white or grey. Sapwood colour not always distinct from heartwood colour. Density 0.56–0.72 g/cm³.
Vessels. Wood diffuse porous. Vessels in multiples, commonly in short (2–3 vessels) radial rows to in radial rows of 4 or more. Average tangential vessel diameter 150–250 µm. Average number of vessels/mm² 6–10. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, average diameter (vertical) 2–4 µm. Vessel-ray pits with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits, located throughout the ray. Other deposits present (yellowish brown).
Tracheids and fibres. Fibres of medium wall thickness to very thick-walled. Fibre pits mainly restricted to radial walls, simple to minutely bordered.
Axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma apotracheal. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty to vasicentric. Axial parenchyma as strands. Average number of cells per strand: 4–8.
Rays. Rays 8–12 per tangential mm, multiseriate, 1–4 cells wide. Rays of two distinct sizes. Height of large rays commonly over 1000 µm. Rays composed of two or more cell types (heterocellular). Heterocellular rays with square and upright cells restricted to marginal rows, with more than 4 marginal rows of upright or square cells.
Secretory structures. Laticifers or tanniniferous tubes absent.
Mineral inclusions. Crystals present, raphides, located in ray cells. Crystal-containing ray cells procumbent. Crystal containing cells somewhat enlarged (idioblasts). Silica not observed.
Illustrations. • Macroscopic images. transverse (ca. 10x). radial (natural size). • Transverse section. • Tangential section. minute intervessel pits. • Radial section. raphide bundle in ray cell).
The interactive key allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, summaries of attributes within groups of taxa, and geographical distribution.
Cite this publication as: ‘Richter, H.G., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Version: 9th April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.
