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| Commercial timbers |
Nomenclature etc. SAPOTACEAE. Syn.: Mimusops bidentata A.DC., M. huberi Ducke, M. elata Fr.Allem., Manilkara bidenta (A.DC.) Chev. ssp. surinamensis (Miq.) Pennington, M. elata (Fr. Allem.) Monachino. Trade and local names: maçaranduba, m. verdadeiro, m. araua, balata maparajuba (BR); purguo morado (VE); bulletrie (SR); quinilla, ansubo (PE). Not protected under CITES regulations.
Tree. Geographic distribution: Caribbean, tropical South America.
General. Heartwood basically brown to red (dark reddish brown). Sapwood colour distinct from heartwood colour. Density 0.85–0.95–1 g/cm³.
Vessels. Wood diffuse porous. Vessels arranged in a diagonal and/or radial pattern, in multiples, commonly in short (2–3 vessels) radial rows and in radial rows of 4 or more. Average tangential vessel diameter 82–112–150 µm. Average number of vessels/mm² 10–11. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, average diameter (vertical) 4–6 µm. Vessel-ray pits with distinct borders or with reduced borders or apparently simple, similar to intervessel pits or different from intervessel pits, rounded or angular or horizontal to vertical, of two distinct sizes or types in the same ray cell. Tyloses present, thinwalled or sclerotic. Other deposits present (dark brown).
Tracheids and fibres. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids commonly present. Fibres very thick-walled. Fibre pits mainly restricted to radial walls, simple to minutely bordered.
Axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma banded or not banded. Axial parenchyma bands forming a reticulate pattern with rays. Bands fine. Axial parenchyma apotracheal. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse, or diffuse-in-aggregates. Axial parenchyma as strands. Average number of cells per strand: 7–9.
Rays. Rays 12–15 per tangential mm, multiseriate, (1–)2 cells wide (rarely 3-seriate). Rays with multiseriate portions as wide as uniseriate portions absent. Height of large rays up to 500 µm. Rays composed of two or more cell types (heterocellular). Heterocellular rays with square and upright cells restricted to marginal rows, mostly 2–4 marginal rows of upright or square cells or with more than 4 marginal rows of upright or square cells.
Storied structures. Storied structure absent.
Mineral inclusions. Crystals present, prismatic, located in axial parenchyma cells. Crystal-containing axial parenchyma cells chambered. Number of crystals per cell or chamber one. Silica not observed.
Physical and chemical tests. Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent; colour of water extract colourless to brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent. Colour of ethanol extract colourless to brown. Froth test positive. Splinter burns to full ash. Ash bright white.
Illustrations. • Macroscopic images. transverse (ca. 10x). radial (natural size). • Transverse section. Manilkara bidentata. • Tangential section. Manilkara bidentata. • Radial section. Manilkara bidentata.
The interactive key allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, summaries of attributes within groups of taxa, and geographical distribution.
Cite this publication as: ‘Richter, H.G., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Version: 9th April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.
