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Nomenclature etc. RUTACEAE. Syn.: Esenbeckia riedeliana Engl., Helietta multiflora Engl. Trade and local names: marfim, pau marfim (BR); guatambú morotó, ibirá ñotí (AR). Not protected under CITES regulations.
Description based on 5 specimens. Tree. Geographic distribution: southern Brazil, temperate South America.
General. Growth ring boundaries distinct (demarcated by marginal parenchyma bands with an increased number of prismatic crystals, and widened rays). Heartwood basically yellow, white or grey. Sapwood colour similar to heartwood colour. Density 0.7–0.9 g/cm³.
Vessels. Wood diffuse porous. Vessels arranged in no specific pattern, in multiples, commonly in short (2–3 vessels) radial rows or in radial rows of 4 or more. Average tangential vessel diameter 60–100 µm. Average number of vessels/mm² 30–45. Average vessel element length 200–330–500 µm. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, average diameter (vertical) 3–4 µm. Vessel-ray pits with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits. Other deposits present (yellow).
Tracheids and fibres. Fibres of medium wall thickness to very thick-walled. Average fibre length 990–1400–2100 µm. Fibre pits mainly restricted to radial walls, simple to minutely bordered. Fibres non-septate.
Axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma banded. Bands marginal (or seemingly marginal). Bands fine. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty to vasicentric. Axial parenchyma as strands. Average number of cells per strand: 2–4.
Rays. Rays 5–9 per tangential mm, multiseriate, 2–4 cells wide. Height of large rays up to 500 µm to commonly 500 to 1000 µm. Rays composed of two or more cell types (heterocellular). Heterocellular rays with square and upright cells restricted to marginal rows, mostly 1 marginal row of upright or square cells. Disjunctive ray parenchyma end walls distinct.
Storied structures. Storied structure absent.
Secretory structures. Intercellular canals present, traumatic origin, oriented axially, axial intercellular canals in long tangential lines and in short tangential lines.
Mineral inclusions. Crystals present, prismatic, located in ray cells and axial parenchyma cells. Crystal-containing ray cells upright and/or square and procumbent, upright and/or square ray cells chambered and not chambered. Crystal-containing axial parenchyma cells chambered. Number of crystals per cell or chamber one. Silica not observed.
Physical and chemical tests. Heartwood fluorescent (weakly yellowish). Water extract fluorescent; colour of water extract colourless to brown. Ethanol extract fluorescent (bright yellow). Colour of ethanol extract yellow. Splinter burns to partial ash. Ash white to grey.
Illustrations. • Transverse section. • Tangential section. • Radial section.
The interactive key allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, summaries of attributes within groups of taxa, and geographical distribution.
Cite this publication as: ‘Richter, H.G., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Version: 9th April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.
