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| Commercial timbers |
Nomenclature etc. OLACACEAE. Syn.: O. bancana (Becc.) Valeton, Petalinia bancana Becc. Trade and local names: petikal, ampalang, empilung (ID); mentalai, petikal, tanggal (MY). Not protected under CITES regulations.
Tree. Geographic distribution: Indomalesia.
General. Heartwood basically dark brown, red. Sapwood colour distinct from heartwood colour. Density 0.7–1.1 g/cm³.
Vessels. Wood diffuse porous. Vessels in multiples, commonly in short (2–3 vessels) radial rows or in radial rows of 4 or more. Average tangential vessel diameter 85–110 µm. Average number of vessels/mm² 10–40. Perforation plates scalariform, with 3–12 bars. Intervessel pits opposite or alternate, average diameter (vertical) 10–14 µm. Intervessel pits typically oval, up to 25 µm horizontally. Vessel-ray pits with reduced borders or apparently simple, different from intervessel pits, rounded or angular or horizontal to vertical, of the same type in adjacent elements or unilaterally compound and coarse. Tyloses present, thinwalled. Other deposits not observed.
Tracheids and fibres. Fibres very thick-walled. Average fibre length 1450–2900 µm. Fibre pits mainly restricted to radial walls, simple to minutely bordered.
Axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma present. Axial parenchyma apotracheal. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse. Axial parenchyma as strands. Average number of cells per strand: 8–16.
Rays. Rays 12–18 per tangential mm, multiseriate, 1–3 cells wide. Rays with multiseriate portions as wide as uniseriate portions present. Height of large rays commonly over 1000 µm. Rays composed of two or more cell types (heterocellular). Heterocellular rays with square and upright cells restricted to marginal rows, mostly 2–4 marginal rows of upright or square cells to with more than 4 marginal rows of upright or square cells. Sheath cells few present, or absent.
Secretory structures. Oil and mucilage cells absent.
Mineral inclusions. Crystals present, prismatic and in form of crystal sand, located in ray cells or axial parenchyma cells or tyloses. Crystal-containing ray cells upright and/or square or procumbent (in ray cells only crystal sand). Crystal-containing axial parenchyma cells chambered, or not chambered (prismatic crystals in chambered cells, crystal sand in ordinary cells). Number of crystals per cell or chamber one. Silica not observed.
Illustrations. • Transverse section. • Tangential section. • Radial section. • Crystals. prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells (polarized light).
The interactive key allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, summaries of attributes within groups of taxa, and geographical distribution.
Cite this publication as: ‘Richter, H.G., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Version: 9th April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.
