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Nomenclature etc. MORACEAE. Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb.(= A. chama Buch.-Ham), A. elasticus Reinw. ex Blume, A. scortechinii King, Artocarpus spp.. The trade timber 'terap' comprises these light weight Artocarpus species but may also contain timber of the related genus Parartocarpus and the species Antiaris toxicaria. Trade and local names: pudau, nangka, terap-togop, kian, gayah beranak (MY); bakil, danging, pekalong, talin, teureup, toewap (ID); antipolo (PH); ka-ok (TH); chapalish (IN, BD); Brotfruchtbaum (DE); breadfruit tree (GB). Not protected under CITES regulations.
Tree. Geographic distribution: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indomalesia.
General. Heartwood basically light yellowish to golden brown. Sapwood colour distinct from heartwood colour. Density 0.35–0.62 g/cm³.
Vessels. Wood diffuse porous. Vessels in multiples, commonly in short (2–3 vessels) radial rows. Average tangential vessel diameter 160–370 µm. Average number of vessels/mm² 3–6(–9). Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, average diameter (vertical) 8–13 µm. Vessel-ray pits with reduced borders or apparently simple, rounded or angular or horizontal to vertical. Tyloses present, thinwalled or sclerotic (occasionally). Other deposits present (nearly white or yellowish).
Tracheids and fibres. Fibres very thin-walled, or of medium wall thickness. Average fibre length 1200–1600 µm. Fibre pits mainly restricted to radial walls, simple to minutely bordered.
Axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma not banded. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma vasicentric, or aliform, or confluent. Aliform parenchyma of the lozenge type. Axial parenchyma as strands. Average number of cells per strand: 3–4.
Rays. Rays 3–7 per tangential mm, multiseriate, 3–6(–10) cells wide. Height of large rays commonly over 1000 µm. Rays composed of two or more cell types (heterocellular). Heterocellular rays with square and upright cells restricted to marginal rows, mostly 1 marginal row of upright or square cells. Sheath cells occasionally present.
Secretory structures. Intercellular canals absent. Laticifers or tanniniferous tubes present (latex tubes in rays).
Mineral inclusions. Crystals not observed. Silica present, as vitreous silica; in axial parenchyma, in fibres, in vessels. Vitrious silica observed in: A. elasticus (vessels, axial parenchyma, fibres) A. indicus (axial parenchyma), A. kemando (axial parenchyma), A. lakoocha (vessels, axial parenchyma), A. sepicanus (vessels, fibres, axial parenchyma).
Illustrations. • Transverse section. Artocarpus chaplasha. fibres with large lumina and thin walls. • Tangential section. Artocarpus chaplasha. small latex tubes in rays (Lt). Lt »». Lt »». • Radial section. Artocarpus chaplasha. latex tube in ray (Lt). « Lt. • Vitreous silica. Artocarpus lakoocha. vitreous silica lining vessel and tyloses walls. vitreous silica blocks in fibre lumina.
The interactive key allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, summaries of attributes within groups of taxa, and geographical distribution.
Cite this publication as: ‘Richter, H.G., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Version: 9th April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.
