| | Commercial timbers |
Nomenclature etc. DIPTEROCARPACEAE. Incl. D. sumatrensis (J.F. Gmelin) Kosterm. (Syn.: D. aromatica) Gaertn.f.; D. oblongifolia Dyer; D. lanceolata Burck; D. camphora Colebr., D. junghunii Becc., D. kayanensis Becc. Trade and local names: kapur paji, k. bukit, tepurau, sintok, amplang, oewa, padji (Borneo), Oost-Borneo kamfer (NL), North Borneo kapur, Borneo camphorwood (GB), keladan (MY). Not protected under CITES regulations.
Tree. Geographic distribution: Indomalesia.
General. Heartwood basically brown to red. Sapwood colour distinct from heartwood colour. Odour distinct (only D. aromatica). Density 0.58–0.8 g/cm³.
Vessels. Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary. Average tangential vessel diameter 140–200–260 µm. Average number of vessels/mm² 5–17. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, average diameter (vertical) 5–7 µm, pits vestured. Vessel-ray pits with reduced borders or apparently simple, similar to intervessel pits or different from intervessel pits, rounded or angular. Tyloses present, thinwalled. Other deposits present (brown).
Tracheids and fibres. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids commonly present. Fibres of medium wall thickness. Fibre pits common in both radial and tangential walls, distinctly bordered.
Axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma banded. Bands marginal (or seemingly marginal). Bands fine or coarse. Banded parenchyma only connecting axial intercellular canals. Axial parenchyma apotracheal, or paratracheal. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty, aliform, and confluent. Aliform parenchyma of the lozenge type and of the winged type. Axial parenchyma as strands. Average number of cells per strand: 4–6(–8).
Rays. Rays 4–6(–8) per tangential mm, multiseriate, 3–4(–6) cells wide. Rays of two distinct sizes. Height of large rays commonly 500 to 1000 µm. Rays composed of two or more cell types (heterocellular). Heterocellular rays with square and upright cells restricted to marginal rows, mostly 2–4 marginal rows of upright or square cells.
Storied structures. Storied structure present or absent, all rays storied (only in: D. aromatica), axial parenchyma storied. Arrangement of tiers regular, or irregular. Number of ray tiers per axial millimetre 1–2.
Secretory structures. Intercellular canals present, oriented axially, axial intercellular canals in long tangential lines.
Mineral inclusions. Crystals present (D. keithii, D. lanceolata, D. oblongifolia, D. rappa) or not observed, prismatic, located in axial parenchyma cells. Crystal-containing axial parenchyma cells not chambered. Number of crystals per cell or chamber one. Silica present, as grains; in rays cells, in axial parenchyma (rare in: D. oocarpa, D. oblongifolia).
Physical and chemical tests. Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent; colour of water extract colourless to brown. Heartwood extractives leachable when in contact with water. Ethanol extract not fluorescent. Colour of ethanol extract colourless to brown. Froth test positive. Splinter burns to charcoal.
Illustrations. • Macroscopic images. transverse (ca. 10x). longitudinal (natural size). • Transverse section. Dryobalanops aromatica. axial intercellular canals (IC) in tangential bands. IC. • Tangential section 1. Dryobalanops aromatica. • Tangential section 2. Dryobalanops beccarii. • Radial section. Dryobalanops beccarii. • Silica. Dryobalanops beccarii. silica grains in ray cells.
The interactive key allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, summaries of attributes within groups of taxa, and geographical distribution.
Cite this publication as: ‘Richter, H.G., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Version: 9th April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.
