|   |  
Festuca of North America 
 |  | 
 
 
 
 
S.G. Aiken, 
M.J. Dallwitz, 
C.L. McJannet, and L.L. Consaul 
 
 
 
Contents 
 
 
 
This contents page, the key, and the descriptions were generated automatically 
from a DELTA database (Dallwitz 1980; Dallwitz, Paine, and Zurcher 1993). 
 
 
 
Introduction 
 
 
 
Interactive key, including interactive 
information retrieval 
• Hints on using the interactive 
key 
 
 
 
The interactive key is easy to use, allows free choice of characters, 
and can lead to correct identifications in spite of occasional errors. 
It can display all the illustrations, full and partial descriptions, 
diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, 
lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, 
and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. 
 
 
 
Character list 
• Implicit attributes 
• DELTA data files 
 
 
 
Cluster analysis  (PDF) 
• Nearest neighbours 
• Specimen data (Microsoft Excel) 
 
 
 
Acknowledgements 
• References 
• Citation 
• Contacts 
 
 
 
Descriptions 
 
 
 
The bold parts in the descriptions are diagnostic descriptions, generated 
with the aid of Intkey (Dallwitz, Paine, and Zurcher 1995, 2000). 
They distinguish most taxa in at least two respects from the other taxa. 
 
 
 
Subg. Festuca L. (FE)
 
• Festuca arizonica Vasey
• Festuca baffinensis Polunin
• Festuca brachyphylla Schult. &
Schult. f. subsp. brachyphylla
• Festuca brachyphylla subsp.
coloradensis Frederiksen
• Festuca brevissima Jurtzev
• Festuca calligera (Piper) Rydb.
• Festuca dasyclada Hack. ex Beal
• Festuca earlei Rydb.
• Festuca edlundiae S. Aiken, Consaul
& Lefkovitch
• Festuca filiformis Pourr.
• Festuca frederikseniae E. B.
Alexeev
• Festuca hyperborea Holmen ex
Frederiksen
• Festuca idahoensis Elmer subsp.
idahoensis
• Festuca idahoensis subsp.
roemeri (Pavlick) S. Aiken
• Festuca lenensis Drobow
• Festuca minutiflora Rydb.
• Festuca occidentalis Hook.
• Festuca ovina L.
• Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra
s.l.
• Festuca rubra subsp.
densiuscula Hack. ex Piper
• Festuca rubra subsp.
richardsonii (Hook.) Hultén
• Festuca saximontana Rydb. subsp.
saximontana
• Festuca saximontana subsp.
purpusiana (St.-Yves) Tzvelev
• Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.)
Krajina
• Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaud.
s.l.
• Festuca viridula Vasey
• Festuca viviparoidea Krajina ex
Pavlick s.l.
• Festuca washingtonica E. B.
Alexeev
Subg. Leucopoa (Griseb.) Hack. (LE)
 
• Festuca altaica Trin.
• Festuca californica Vasey
• Festuca campestris Rydb.
• Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper
• Festuca kingii (S. Watson) Cassidy
• Festuca ligulata Swallen
• Festuca parishii (Piper) Hitchc.
• Festuca thurberi Vasey
Subg. Schedonorus (Beauv.) Peterm. (SC)
 
• Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
• Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill.
• Festuca pratensis Huds.
Subg. Subulatae Tzvelev, sect. Subulatae
Tzvelev (SS)
 
• Festuca elmeri Scribn. & Merr.
• Festuca sororia Piper
• Festuca subulata Trin.
• Festuca subuliflora Scribn.
Subg. Subulatae (Tzvelev) E. B. Alexeev, sect.
Obtusae E. B. Alexeev (SO)
 
• Festuca paradoxa Desv.
• Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) E. B.
Alexeev
• Festuca versuta Beal
Species of Festuca that have been excluded for various
reasons, such as limited data or uncertainties related to the correct name
 
• Festuca amethystina L.
• Festuca arvernensis Auquier,
Kerguélen, & Markgr.-Dann.
• Festuca auriculata Drobow s.s.
• Festuca brachyphylla subsp.
breviculmis Frederiksen
• Festuca brachyphylla subsp.
coloradensis Frederiksen s.s.
• Festuca brevifolia var.
utahensis St.-Yves
• Festuca canadensis E. B. Alexeev
• Festuca glauca Lam.
• Festuca groenlandica (Schol.)
Frederiksen
• Festuca hitchcockiana E. B.
Alexeev
• Festuca mariettana E. B. Alexeev
• Festuca michiganica E. B. Alexeev
• Festuca oregona Vasey
• Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald var.
prolifera
• Festuca prolifera var.
lasiolepis Fernald
• Festuca rigescens (Presl) Kunth
• Festuca rubra L. s.l.
• Festuca rubra L. s.l. (data as
synthesised)
• Festuca rubra subsp. arenicola
E. B. Alexeev
• Festuca rubra atlantic coastal
morph
• Festuca rubra approaching
aucta Krecz. and Bobr.
• Festuca Chewings
• Festuca rubra var. fallax
(Thuill.) B. Fourn.
• Festuca rubra subsp. glaucodea
Piper
• Festuca rubra subsp. multiflora
(Hoffman) Jirasek
• Festuca rubra var. trichophylla
Ducros ex Gaud.
• Festuca scabrella Torrey in Hook.
• Festuca vallicola Rydb.
• Festuca vaseyana Hack. ex Beal
• Festuca vivipara subsp.
vivipara (L.) Sm.
• Festuca vivipara subsp. glabra
Frederiksen
• Festuca vivipara subsp. hirsuta
(Schol.) Frederiksen
• Festuca viviparoidea (Krajina) ex
Pavlick subsp. viviparoidea
• Festuca viviparoidea subsp.
krajinae Pavlick
Two species of Lolium
 
• Lolium perenne L.
• Lolium temulentum L.
 
 
 
Cite this publication as: 
‘Aiken, S.G., Dallwitz, M.J., McJannet, C.L. and Consaul, L.L. 
1996 onwards. Festuca of North America: 
descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. 
Version: 14th February 2019. 
delta-intkey.com’. 
Aiken, Dallwitz, McJannet, and Consaul (1997) 
should also be cited (see  References).