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| The families of mushrooms and toadstools represented in Britain and Ireland |
‘False Truffles’.
Including Hymenangiaceae
Morphology. The fruit-bodies producing basidia and basidiospores; gymnocarpic; a globose or tuberiform gasterocarp (loculate); small; in Hymenogaster tener, 0.5–2 cm across; white or whitish (discolouring); reacting rapidly with a marked colour change when cut or bruised; damaged flesh turning brownish to turning red. The basidia ‘unmodified’. The basidiospores statismosporic; yellow-brown, or brown; smooth to ornamented (smooth to verruculose).
The hyphal walls lamellate, with a thin, electron-dense outer layer and a relatively thick, electron-transparent inner layer. The hyphae monomitic. The generative hyphae inflated.
Chemical reactions. Supposedly not yielding prenylated phenols and quinones.
Ecology. The fruit-bodies borne on the ground (in humus litter). Associated with broad-leaved trees. Often associated with oak. Found in coniferous woodland, in broad-leaved woodland, and in mixed woodland.
Representation in Britain and Ireland. Hymenangium, Hymenogaster.
World representation. 126 species; genera 10. “Widespread”, especially temperate.
Classification. Basidiomycota; Basidiomycetes; Agaricomycetidae; Boletales.
Comments. The gasterocarp multiloculate, peridium and epicutis present.
Illustrations. • Hymenogaster tener (LH). HYMENOGASTERACEAE. Hymenogaster tener. Sunesen & Dahlstrøm, in Lange & Hora (1965). • Hymenogaster citrinus (Berkeley). HYMENOGASTERACEAE. 2, Hymenogaster citrinus Vittad. STEPHANOSPORACEAE. 1, Stephanospora caroticola (Berk.) Pat. PHALLACEAE. 3, Phallus impudicus L. (Stinkhorn). GEASTRACEAE. 4, Geastrum fimbriatum Fr. LYCOPERDACEAE. 5, Bovista nigrescens Pers.; 6, Bovista plumbea Pers.; 7, Handkea utriformis (Bull.) Pers.; 8, Lycoperdon umbrinum Pers, or Lycoperdon molle Pers.? From Berkeley (1860). All about 1.5 X life size, or with sections more enlarged.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2008 onwards. The families of mushrooms and toadstools represented in Britain and Ireland. Version: 5th August 2019. delta-intkey.com’.
