British Insects: the Families of Hymenoptera
| British Insects: the Families of Hymenoptera | |
Including Eucoilidae.
Gall Wasps.
Adults minute to small; 1–6 mm long. Insects associated with plant galls (mainly), or not associated with galls.
Head. Antennae geniculate, or not geniculate.
Thorax. Pronotum long, extending back to the tegulae; not vertically grooved for reception of the fore femur. Cenchri absent. Wings present, or absent. Fore-wings without a pterostigma; with very reduced venation; not combining greatly reduced venation with conspicuous stigmal vein; combining greatly reduced venation with a conspicuous radial cell. Closed fore-wing cells 2, or 3 (with a costal and the conspicuous radial). Discoidal cells 0, or 1. Hind femur with a clear trochantellus, or without a well defined trochantellus (?). Hind tibiae without specialised spurs.
Abdomen. The abdomen with a marked basal constriction. Ovipositor of females not visibly protruding; adapted for piercing.
Larvae. Larvae with segmented legs; phytophagous (inducing galls), or parasitic on hosts selected by the mother (commonly hyper-parasitic on other Hymenoptera or on aphids through braconids); primary inducers of galls, or parasitic on other gall occupants.
Classification. Species in Britain about 130; genera 19 (with Alloxysta, Andricus, Eucoila, Kleidotoma, Synergus, Trybliographa, etc., well represented). Suborder Apocrita; Series Parasitica; Superfamily Cynipoidea.
Illustrations. • Eucoilinae: Kleidotoma, Psichachra, Trybliographa (Cameron III). • Eucoilinae: Eucoila, Kleidotoma, Microstilba, Trybliographa (Cameron III). • Cynipinae: Alloxysta, Phaenoglyphis (Cameron III). • Cynipinae: Alloxysta, Phaenoglyphis (Cameron III). • Cynipinae: Alloxysta (10 species, Cameron III). • Cynipinae: Aulacidea, Diplolepis, Synergus, Xestophanes (Cameron IV). • Cynipinae: Andricus, Ceroptres, Diastrophus, Liposthenus, Periclistus, Saphonecrus (Cameron IV). • Cynipinae: 7 Andricus species (Cameron IV). • Cynipinae: Andricus (7 spp.), Biorhiza, Trigonaspis (Cameron IV). • Cynipinae: Andricus, Cynips, Neuroterus (Cameron IV). • Rhoptromeris heptoma (Eucoilinae, female).
To view the illustrations with detailed captions, go to the interactive key. This also offers full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa.
Cite this publication as: ‘Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2003 onwards. British insects: the families of Hymenoptera. Version: 9th April 2007. http://delta-intkey.com’.
