The Families of Mushrooms and Toadstools Represented in the British Isles
The Families of Mushrooms and Toadstools Represented in the British Isles |
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Cf. Leotiaceae?.
Anamorphic forms occurring (very varied, known for a few taxa).
Morphology. The fruit-bodies producing asci and ascospores; discoid, or cupulate (glabrous or downy); clustered, or solitary; stipitate to sessile; discrete, or coalescing; tiny to small; 0.5–1 cm across (with sampling restricted to the species illustrated); brightly pigmented (often), or not brightly pigmented; when brightly pigmented (e.g.) orange, or yellow, or green, or purple; apothecial; stromata usually absent. The asci cylindrical; asci inoperculate; thin walled. The walls of the asci usually with a small but distinct apical J+ or J- ring. The ascospores ellipsoid, or elongate; smooth; usually hyaline; septate, or simple.
The hyphae without clamp connections. The hyphal walls lamellate, double layered, with both layers electron dense.
Ecology. Saprophytic. The fruit-bodies usually on dead wood (bursting through decaying branches, on old stumps, etc., but sometimes on decaying herbaceous tissue, and occasionally fungicolous). Found in coniferous woodland (?), or in broad-leaved woodland and in mixed woodland.
British representation. Allophylaria, Ascocalyx, Ascocoryne, Ascotremella, Belonioscypha, Bisporella, Bryoscyphus, Bulgariella, Calycella, Calycina, Cenangium, Chlorencoelia, Chlorociboria, Chloroscypha, Claussenomyces, Clithris, Corynella, Crocicreas, Crumenula, Crumenulopsis, Cudoniella, Cyathicula, Cystopezizella, Dencoeliopsis, Discorehmia, Durella, Encoeliopsis, Erikssonopsis, Eubelonis, Gelatinopsis, Gloeopeziza, Godronia, Gorgoniceps, Grahamiella, Gremmeniella, Grovesiella, Helotium, Heterosphaeria, Heyderia, Hymenoscyphus, Ionomidotis, Lagerbergia, Lagerheima, Llimoniella, Micropodia, Mitrula, Mniaecia, Neobulgaria, Ombrophila, Pachydisca, Parorbiliopsis, Patellea, Patinellaria, Pezizella, Phaeangellina, Phaeohelotium, Pocillum, Pragmopora, Pseudohelotium, Sarcoleotia, Scleroderris, Scutularia, Septatium, Skyathea, Stamnaria, Strossmayeria, Symphyosirinia, Tympanis, Unguiculariopsis, Velutarina, Xylogramma.
World representation. 623 species; genera 101. “Widespread”.
Classification. Ascomycota; Ascomycetes; Leotiomycetidae; Helotiales.
Comments. ‘Inoperculate Discomycetes’; interascal tissue of simple paraphyses.
Illustrations. • Ascocoryne sarcoides, Bisporella citrina, Chlorociboria aeruginascens (LH). • Ascocoryne sarcoides (Berkeley). • Ascocoryne sarcoides and Chlorencoelia versiformis (Berkeley).
To view the illustrations with detailed captions, go to the interactive key. This also offers full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa.
Cite this publication as: ‘Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2008 onwards. The families of mushrooms and toadstools represented in the British Isles. Version: 14th February 2008. http://delta-intkey.com’.
